Beta-blockers (Ocular route only) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Low birth weight (< 2500g)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17249
R72197		 Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Low birth weight (< 2500g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.88 [0.08;9.23] C 3/44   1/13 4 44
ref
S13934
R55577		 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Low birth weight (ICD-10 P07.0, P07.1) 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.87 [0.11;6.67] 1/31   44/735 45 31
ref
S14054
R55587		 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Low Birth Weight (< 2500g) throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No 1.06 [0.23;4.98] C 2/22   15/174 17 22
ref
S13909
R55574		 Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009 Low birth weight (< 2500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, disease free Adjustment: Yes 1.48 [0.86;2.56] 17/189   120/1,952 137 189
ref
Total 4 studies 1.36 [0.83;2.21] 203 286
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 0.88[0.08; 9.23]4444%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 0.87[0.11; 6.67]45316%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 1.06[0.23; 4.98]172210%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009 1.48[0.86; 2.56]13718980%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 0% 1.36[0.83; 2.21]2032860.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.36[0.83; 2.21]2032860%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009 4 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.43[0.85; 2.39]1542110%NAPellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.87[0.19; 4.10]49750%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.00[0.27; 3.65]21660%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.43[0.84; 2.42]1822200%NAHashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009 2 All studiesAll studies 1.36[0.83; 2.21]2032860%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009 40.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-2.83.11.4410.000Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.43[0.85; 2.39]1542110%NAPellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.87[0.19; 4.10]49750%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 20.510.01.0