Acetaminophen_Exposure/effect relationship (metaPreg)

Exposed non-exposed studies (cohort)

Study Country
Study period
Population source Exposure definition Non-exposure definition Sample size Rmk
Ahlqvist_High exposure, 2024 Sweden
1995 - 2019
All singleton liveborn children in Sweden from July 1, 1995, to December 31, 2019, with a linkable personal identifier. Children exposed to acetaminophen (ATC: N02BE) during pregnancy (ever-use). unexposed (general population or NOS)
Children not exposed to acetaminophen (ATC: N02BE) during pregnancy.
185909 / 2294888
Ahlqvist_Low exposure, 2024 Sweden
1995 - 2019
All singleton liveborn children in Sweden from July 1, 1995, to December 31, 2019, with a linkable personal identifier. Children exposed to acetaminophen (ATC: N02BE) during pregnancy (ever-use). unexposed (general population or NOS)
Children not exposed to acetaminophen (ATC: N02BE) during pregnancy.
185909 / 2294888
Ahlqvist_Medium exposure, 2024 Sweden
1995 - 2019
All singleton liveborn children in Sweden from July 1, 1995, to December 31, 2019, with a linkable personal identifier. Children exposed to acetaminophen (ATC: N02BE) during pregnancy (ever-use). unexposed (general population or NOS)
Children not exposed to acetaminophen (ATC: N02BE) during pregnancy.
185909 / 2294888
Liew_High exposure, 2014 Denmark
1996 - 2002
Singleton live born children whose mothers participated in all three telephone interviews after being recruited through their general practitioners (about 50% of all general practitioners in Denmark participated in the study) during early gestation (weeks 6–12). Children born to mothers who reported use of acetaminophen during the entire pregnancy or during the first (1-12 weeks), second (13-24 weeks), or third (25th-delivery) trimester. unexposed (general population or NOS)
Children born to mothers who never used acetaminophen during pregnancy or the reported period of exposure.
36187 / 28135 Methods completed with Liew 2016. Overlapping: For ADHD: Liew 2016a studied Attention and Liew 2014 studies ADHD medication or hyperkinetic disorder (with same dataset) => only 1 result reported: the most global and robust: i.e Liew 2014 (ICD-10).
Liew_Low exposure, 2014 Denmark
1996 - 2002
Singleton live born children whose mothers participated in all three telephone interviews after being recruited through their general practitioners (about 50% of all general practitioners in Denmark participated in the study) during early gestation (weeks 6–12). Children born to mothers who reported use of acetaminophen during the entire pregnancy or during the first (1-12 weeks), second (13-24 weeks), or third (25th-delivery) trimester. unexposed (general population or NOS)
Children born to mothers who never used acetaminophen during pregnancy or the reported period of exposure.
36187 / 28135 Methods completed with Liew 2016. Overlapping: For ADHD: Liew 2016a studied Attention and Liew 2014 studies ADHD medication or hyperkinetic disorder (with same dataset) => only 1 result reported: the most global and robust: i.e Liew 2014 (ICD-10).
Liew_Medium exposure, 2014 Denmark
1996 - 2002
Singleton live born children whose mothers participated in all three telephone interviews after being recruited through their general practitioners (about 50% of all general practitioners in Denmark participated in the study) during early gestation (weeks 6–12). Children born to mothers who reported use of acetaminophen during the entire pregnancy or during the first (1-12 weeks), second (13-24 weeks), or third (25th-delivery) trimester. unexposed (general population or NOS)
Children born to mothers who never used acetaminophen during pregnancy or the reported period of exposure.
36187 / 28135 Methods completed with Liew 2016. Overlapping: For ADHD: Liew 2016a studied Attention and Liew 2014 studies ADHD medication or hyperkinetic disorder (with same dataset) => only 1 result reported: the most global and robust: i.e Liew 2014 (ICD-10).
Ystrom_High dose, 2017 Norway
1999 - 2009
Pregnant women in Norway who consented to participate after being invited by mail in connection with the routine ultrasound examination offered at the local hospitals around pregnancy week 18. Pregnant women that reported use of acetaminophen during pregnancy. unexposed (general population or NOS)
Pregnant women that reported never use of acetaminophen during pregnancy.
52707 / 60266 Overlapping: Gustavson 2019 and Stoltenberg 2020 => 2 ad hoc studies (dedicated to fever indication and methodological one, respectively) essentially based on the same dataset than Ystrom 2017 (prenatal acetaminophen and ADHD) => use of Ystrom 2017.
Ystrom_Low dose, 2017 Norway
1999 - 2009
Pregnant women in Norway who consented to participate after being invited by mail in connection with the routine ultrasound examination offered at the local hospitals around pregnancy week 18. Pregnant women that reported use of acetaminophen during pregnancy. unexposed (general population or NOS)
Pregnant women that reported never use of acetaminophen during pregnancy.
52707 / 60266 Overlapping: Gustavson 2019 and Stoltenberg 2020 => 2 ad hoc studies (dedicated to fever indication and methodological one, respectively) essentially based on the same dataset than Ystrom 2017 (prenatal acetaminophen and ADHD) => use of Ystrom 2017.
Ystrom_Medium dose, 2017 Norway
1999 - 2009
Pregnant women in Norway who consented to participate after being invited by mail in connection with the routine ultrasound examination offered at the local hospitals around pregnancy week 18. Pregnant women that reported use of acetaminophen during pregnancy. unexposed (general population or NOS)
Pregnant women that reported never use of acetaminophen during pregnancy.
52707 / 60266 Overlapping: Gustavson 2019 and Stoltenberg 2020 => 2 ad hoc studies (dedicated to fever indication and methodological one, respectively) essentially based on the same dataset than Ystrom 2017 (prenatal acetaminophen and ADHD) => use of Ystrom 2017.

Case-control studies (cohort)

Study Country
Study period
Case Control Sample size Rmk

master protocol