Study | Country Study period Study design |
Data source | Exposure definition | Non-exposure definition | Exposition period | Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control) |
Remarks | Risk of bias |
---|
Study | Country Study period Study design |
Data source | Case | Control | Exposition | Exposition period | Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control) |
Remarks | Risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Czeizel 2003 |
Hungary 1980 - 1996 case control |
The Hungarian Case–Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities. | Newborns with isolated congenital abnormalities (CAs) and multiple CAs selected from the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry. | Two newborn infants without congenital abnormalities (CAs) selected for every case from the National Birth Registry of the Central Statistical Office. | Exposure data obtained prospectively through antenatal care logbooks and other medical records, and retrospectively by questionnaires completed by mothers. Finally all non-respondent case and 200 non-respondent control families were visited at home by regional nurses to obtain necessary data. | 1st trimester, during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | 22843 / 38151 | ||
Not specified. |
Risk of bias: : NA; : low; : moderate; : serious; : critical; : unclear;