Pindolol (versus unexposed)

Study	Country Study period Study design	Data source	Exposure definition	Non-exposure definition	Exposition period	Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control)	Remarks	Risk of bias
Rosenfeld 1986	Israel Not specified. randomized controlled trial	The High-Risk Clinics for Hypertensive Pregnant Women, Tel Aviv University and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.	Hypertensive pregnant patients randomly allocated to the group treated with hydralazine (25 mg b.i.d.) combined with pindolol (5 mg b.i.d).	unexposed, sick Hypertensive pregnant patients randomly allocated to the group treated with hydralazine only (25 mg b.i.d. in the monotherapy).	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	23 / 21	Chronic hypertension in 11/23 pregnancies exposed to Pindolol and in 10/21 of other pregnancies.
Rosenfeld 1986	Israel Not specified. randomized controlled trial		Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, who were treated with either hydralazine alone, or with hydralazine combined with pindolol.		during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	23 / 21

Study	Country Study period Study design	Data source	Case	Control	Exposition	Exposition period	Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control)	Remarks	Risk of bias
Medveczky 2004	Hungary 1980 - 1996 case control	The Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA).	Newborn infants (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses) with Neural tube defects with non-syndromic (i.e. isolated anencephaly, spina bifida aperta/cystica, encephalocele).	Newborn infants (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses) without congenital abnormalities.	Exposure data collected from 3 sources: a post-paid structured questionnaire sent to the parents requesting drugs taken during pregnancy, according to gestational months; maternal prenatal care logbook (in which obstetricians must record all prescribed drugs); nurses visited non-responding families.	1st trimester	1202 / 38151	Study design completed with other studies published on the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA).
Medveczky 2004	Hungary 1980 - 1996 case control		The Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry (HCAR), in which notification by physicians of cases with Congenital anomalies is mandatory (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses). Controls were selected from the National Birth Registry of the Central Statistical Office.			1st trimester	1202 / 38151

Risk of bias: : NA; : low; : moderate; : serious; : critical; : unclear;