Study | Country Study period Study design |
Data source | Exposure definition | Non-exposure definition | Exposition period | Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control) |
Remarks | Risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noh 2022 |
South Korea 2011 - 2018 population based cohort retrospective |
A nationwide retrospective cohort study using healthcare data retrieved from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database. | Pregnant women who filled at least Tofisopam prescription during the first trimester (first 90 days of pregnancy). |
unexposed, sick
Pregnant women who were not prescribed any benzodiazepine from 3 months before the last menstrual period to the end of the first trimester (with similar psychiatric conditions after propensity score). |
1st trimester | 4804 / 3053381 | Propensity scored adjusted for indications and led to an unexposed cohort with similar psychiatric conditions => considered as unexposed, sick control groups. | |
The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database that comprises notably healthcare utilization (e.g., drug prescription and medical procedure). |
Study | Country Study period Study design |
Data source | Case | Control | Exposition | Exposition period | Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control) |
Remarks | Risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eros 2002 |
Hungary 1980 - 1996 case control |
The Hungarian Case–Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA). | Newborn infants with isolated congenital abnormality (CA) and multiple CA. Exclusions of some mild congenital abnormalities and minor congenital abnormality (methods in Czeizel 1999). | Two or three newborn infants without congenital anomalies matched to every case according to sex, birth week in the year when the case was born, and district of parents’ residence from the National Birth Registry of the Central Statistical Office. | Exposure data collected from 3 sources: a post-paid structured questionnaire sent to the parents immediately after the selection of cases/controls; maternal prenatal care logbook (in which obstetricians must record all prescribed drugs); nurses visited non-responding families. | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | 22865 / 38151 | ||
The Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry (HCAR), in which notification by physicians of cases with Congenital anomalies is mandatory (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses). Controls were selected from the National Birth Registry of the Central Statistical Office. |
Risk of bias: : NA; : low; : moderate; : serious; : critical; : unclear;