| Study | Country Study period Study design |
Data source | Exposure definition | Non-exposure definition | Exposition period | Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control) |
Remarks | Risk of bias |
|---|
| Study | Country Study period Study design |
Data source | Case | Control | Exposition | Exposition period | Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control) |
Remarks | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Laspro 2024 |
USA 2013 - 2023 nested case control |
EPIC Cosmos, a database incorporating health information of 180 million patients, throughout the United States from approximately 180 US institutions utilizing EPIC medical records. | Newborns with oral clefts (ICD 10 codes Q35 or Q36 or Q37). | Newborns without oral clefts. | Gestational medication use was identified by medications, prescribed, provider-administered, or reported use by mothers at any point during pregnancy. | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | 12098 / -9 | P-values were calculated, while to account for multiple testing (693 hypotheses) Benjamini- Hochberg (BH) corrections were performed with a false discovery rate (Q) of 0.05. | |
| Oral cleft cohorts were isolated using a combination of ICD codes, from the EPIC medical records. | |||||||||
Risk of bias: : NA; : low; : moderate; : serious; : critical; : unclear;