Methotrexate (Post-conception)


Study Exclusion reasons Rmk Reference
Williams, 0

Williams J Reprod Med ; 59:248-54

Wyroba, 2014 inadequate or absent control group

Wyroba Ginekol Pol 2014; 85:105-10 10.17772/gp/1699

Martín, 2014 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: Unadequate control group as the one with women exposed to MTX only before conception, at best, received the last dose at 3.5 months before conception.

Martín Reprod Toxicol 2014; 43:26-9 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.10.005

Lok, 2003 inadequate or absent control group

Lok BJOG 2003; 110:560-6

Keefe, 1998 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: No control group for the subsequent pregnancies in women who have been treated with methotrexate for tubal pregnancies and no distinction of the period of exposure.

Keefe J Reprod Med 1998; 43:28-32

Goto, 2004 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: Authors examined the cohort of children born to women who were treated with combined chemotherapy for possible abnormalities. Without comparison with a control group.

Goto Gynecol Oncol 2004; 93:529-35 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.02.018

Giacalone, 1999 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: They report the results of 20 patients who had undergone chemotherapy during pregnancy. It's a case-report design without a control group.

Giacalone Cancer 1999; 86:2266-72

Blagden, 2002 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: No control group, the other group is the ‘multi-agent’ group composed of those with medium or high-risk disease requiring treatment with either MTX/FA plus actinomycin D or combination drug chemotherapy (with MTX).

Blagden Br J Cancer 2002; 86:26-30 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600041

Beksac, 2017 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: Case-report with the use of chemotherapy during pregnancy.13 patients undergoing chemotherapy during their current pregnancy were evaluated but not compared.

Beksac Oncol Res Treat 2017; 40:441-445 10.1159/000473880

Danet, 2018 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: Because the objective of the study was to describe pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women exposed to cancer chemotherapy. This is not a comparative study, there isn't an adequate control group.

Danet Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018; 27:1302-1308 10.1002/pds.4689

Braga, 2009 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: no adequate control group and exposure, they compared low-risk GTN patients administered a single agent regimen (methotrexate or actinomycin D) with high-risk GTN patients who received multiagent chemotherapy (including methotrexate).

Braga Gynecol Oncol 2009; 112:568-71 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.10.027

Lewden, 2004 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: No control group and all women were exposed post-conception.

Lewden J Rheumatol 2004; 31:2360-5

Ring, 2005 case report or case series EXCLUDED: Retrospective case series concerning the use of chemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy.

Ring J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:4192-7 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.038

Bakula, 2016 case report or case series EXCLUDED: It's a case report 'We present a patient with rheumatoid arthritis whose pregnancy was discovered at 31 weeks of gestation.'

Bakula Reumatizam ; 63:6-9

Donoway, 2012 case report or case series

Donoway J Fam Pract 2012; 61:E1-4

Na, 2018 case report or case series EXCLUDED: A retrospective study of medical records. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with Heterotopic pregnancy (HP), the risk factors of miscarriage of intrauterine pregnancy after the treatment of HP.

Na Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12233 10.1097/MD.0000000000012233

Upponi, 2003 review, editorial, news or commentary EXCLUDED: This paper reviews the literature using Medline and Embase databases.

Upponi Eur J Cancer 2003; 39:736-41 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00870-5

Ramsey-Goldman (Pre-conception) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1993 not relevant exposure EXCLUDED: Not relevant exposure because of the study's aim.

Ramsey-Goldman J Rheumatol 1993; 20:1152-7

Brouwer (Pre-conception), 2015 not relevant exposure EXCLUDED: Not relevant exposure because patients were required to have stopped methotrexate (MTX) at least 3 months before trying to conceive so some may not have been exposed for a long time.

Brouwer Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1738-43 10.1002/art.39137

Lee, 2010 not relevant exposure EXCLUDED: Paternal drug exposure at the time of conception.

Lee Reprod Toxicol 2010; 29:353-60 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.01.008

Ulbricht, 2003 not relevant exposure EXCLUDED: a Chaparral monograph (a plant), not about methotrexate.

Ulbricht, C. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 2003; 3:121-. 10.1080/J157v03n01_08

Belli, 2009 not relevant exposure EXCLUDED: Genetic Counseling for Teratogenic Risk Due To Exposure to Medications: 89 Pregnancies Conceived During Oral Contraceptive Use.

Belli Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1555-7 10.1002/ajmg.a.32608

De Lorenzo, 2020 not relevant exposure EXCLUDED: Exposure to Biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) during pregnancy. No useof MTX mentionned in the cohort.

De Lorenzo Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104583 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104583

Bengtson, 2010 not relevant exposure EXCLUDED: The aim of the study is to explore the influence of maternal and paternal IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) on perinatal outcomes in the offspring and the risk for development of IBD. Immunomodulatory therapy is mentioned but not studied.

Bengtson, M.-B. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2010; 16:847-. 10.1002/ibd.21120

Uberti, 2015 not in pregnancy EXCLUDED: : To compare two single-agent chemotherapy (ChT) regimens evaluating, in first-line treatment, response and side effects and, in final single-agent treatment, the outcomes.

Uberti Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2015; 37:258-65 10.1590/SO100-720320150005366

Beghin, 2011 not in pregnancy EXCLUDED: Paternal exposure to methotrexate (MTX) at the time of conception.

Beghin J Rheumatol 2011; 38:628-32 10.3899/jrheum.100600

Kenney, 1996 not in pregnancy EXCLUDED: Study to determine if offspring of adults (males and females) successfully treated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia had an increased incidence of birth defects (involves offspring given birth to or fathered).

Kenney Cancer 1996; 78:169-76 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960701)78:1<169::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-X

Kim, 2004 not in pregnancy EXCLUDED: To evaluate the changing epidemiologic picture and clinical characteristics of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). No mention of subsequent pregnancy outcomes.

Kim J Reprod Med 2004; 49:643-54

Lindström, 2016 not in pregnancy EXCLUDED: The purpose of this study was to determine whether perinatal characteristics predict development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Fetal exposure is not considered.

Lindström Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:16 10.1186/s13075-016-0917-1

Hyman, 2013 not in pregnancy EXCLUDED: The goal was to describe presentation, management, and natural history of Placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTTs) and to identify important prognostic features in this cohort. Not about pregnancy.

Hyman Gynecol Oncol 2013; 129:58-62 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.12.029

Gibofsky, 2011 not in pregnancy EXCLUDED: Patients were excluded from participation in both registries if they were currently enrolled in a clinical trial with treatments or patient visits imposed by a protocol, nursing or pregnant.

Gibofsky J Rheumatol 2011; 38:21-8 10.3899/jrheum.100347

Choon, 2014 not about fetal exposure EXLUDED: The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical profile of 102 patients with adult-onset Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Not about fetal exposure.

Choon Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:676-84 10.1111/ijd.12070

Hellwig, 2010 not about fetal exposure EXCLUDED: This study aimed at investigating the effect of multiple sclerosis (MS)-fathers under disease modifying therapies (DMT) on pregnancy.

Hellwig J Neurol 2010; 257:580-3 10.1007/s00415-009-5376-z

Eck, 2017 not about fetal exposure EXCLUDED: Paternal Exposure to Methotrexate Within 90 Days Before Pregnancy.

Eck Obstet Gynecol 2017; 129:707-714 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001936

Engeland, 2013 not about fetal exposure EXCLUDED: They aimed to explore associations between drugs dispensed to the father prior to conception and pregnancy outcomes.

Engeland Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:1134-41 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04426.x

Perez-Garcia, 2020 not about fetal exposure EXCLUDED: Review the literature for the influence of paternal immunosuppressive drug use on many aspects of male sexual health, such as sexual function, fertility, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health outcomes.

Perez-Garcia Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:961-1001 10.1093/humupd/dmaa022

Zakhem, 2019 not about fetal exposure EXCLUDED: Systematic review to assess whether systemic dermatologic medications can cause infertility and teratogenicity when taken by men.

Zakhem J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:957-969 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.031

Cardonick, 2010 not relevant study design EXCLUDED: This article discusses the presentation and treatment of pregnant women with cancer, the pregnancy outcomes, and longterm follow-up for the child exposed to chemotherapy in utero. Not an observational study design.

Cardonick Am J Clin Oncol 2010; 33:221-8 10.1097/COC.0b013e3181a44ca9

Czeizel, 2004 not relevant study design EXCLUDED: The objectives of this paper are to describe the Hungarian case–control surveillance system of congenital abnormalities (HCCSCA).

Czeizel Lupus 2004; 13:740-5 10.1191/0961203303lu1095oa

Durrieu, 2004 not relevant study design EXCLUDED: Descriptive analysis of medical data and pregnancy outcome was performed. 2 women exposed to methotrexate in polytherapy. Not a comparative study.

Durrieu Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2004; 18:573-9 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2004.00267.x

Zhu, 2019 not relevant study design EXCLUDED: Aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of VMP regimen applied to the patients with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. During follow-up some patients became pregnant but there isn't a control group.

Zhu Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:332-337 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.03.008

Nörby, 2013 not relevant study design EXCLUDED: The purpose is to present concept, methods and use of a knowledge database providing assessments of potential fetal risks for all drugs on the Swedish market.

Nörby Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69:889-99 10.1007/s00228-012-1399-y

Cyrulnik, 2010 not relevant study design EXCLUDED: Specific dermatoses of pregnancy with an overview of the current state of care, not an observational study.

Cyrulnik J Drugs Dermatol 2010; 9:1297-304

Tisonová, 2006 not relevant study design

Tisonová Cas Lek Cesk 2006; 145:154-7; discussion 158-9

Peres (Controls unexposed, sick), 2001 not relevant study design EXCLUDED: Not relevant exposure because of the study's aim.

Peres Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:1551-9 10.1590/s0100-879x2001001200007

Chiheb, 2003 not relevant study design EXCLUDED: Continuing Medical Education material on behçet's disease, not an observational study.

Chiheb Ann Dermatol Venereol ; 130:657-63

Rebic, 2020 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: They aimed to characterize the utilization and discontinuation of medications before, during and after pregnancy among women with rheumatoid arthritis. No relevant outcome regarding pregnany or offspring.

Rebic Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1514-1521 10.1093/rheumatology/kez478

Tidy, 1995 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: Retrospective analysis of case records in management of choriocarcinoma after nonmolar pregnancy.

Tidy Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 102:715-9 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb11429.x

Palmsten, 2017 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: The aim was to characterize SLE medication trends before, during and after pregnancy. No relevant outcome regarding pregnany or offspring.

Palmsten Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:561-569 10.1093/rheumatology/kew448

Olofsson, 2001 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of methotrexate treatment in routine clinical practice (eliminate ectopic pregnancy without surgical intervention).

Olofsson Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001; 80:744-9 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.080008744.x

Guvendag, 2010 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: Compare the success rates of single and multiple dose methotrexate protocols for the treatment of unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Guvendag Guven Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89:889-95 10.3109/00016349.2010.486825

Kuriya, 2011 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: The aim of this study was to address the gap in knowledge of how pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis are treated in daily clinical practice.

Kuriya Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011; 63:721-8 10.1002/acr.20422

Uyar, 2013 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: To evaluate ovarian reserve in women with ectopic pregnancy treated with single-dose systemic methotrexate. Main outcomes are Basal FSH on the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle, E2, basal antral follicle count (AFC), and ovarian volume.

Uyar Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1310-3 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.040

Tzouma, 2015 article unavailable EXCLUDED: article unavailable.

Tzouma, V. Therapeutic Innovation and Regulatory Science 2015; 49:947-. 10.1177/2168479015589820

Lagarce, 2016 non English publications EXCLUDED: no control group available 'expected in the general population'. No period of exposure distinction.

Lagarce Therapie 2016; 71:389-94 10.1016/j.therap.2015.12.005

Drechsel, 2020 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis according to DMARD as a whole, with specific data only for TNF and Etanercept but not for other treatments.

Drechsel Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:603-612 10.1093/rheumatology/kez309

Abisror, 2020 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class

Abisror Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:2707-2713 10.1007/s10067-020-05024-4

Abdulrahman,, 2020 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Because outcomes are not evaluated depending on treatments exposure. But a significant correlation was established between pre-conceptional use of MTX and thenumber of abortions (r = 0.164, p = 0.02).

Abdulrahman, M.A. Egyptian Rheumatologist 2020; 42:83-. 10.1016/j.ejr.2019.11.001

Vinet, 2015 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis according to illness without distinction between treatments (just 'immunosuppressives in utero exposure').

Vinet Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:3201-8 10.1002/art.39320

Tedeschi, 2016 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Analysis of impact of illness during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes.

Tedeschi Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:1725-32 10.1007/s10067-016-3270-5

Cardonick, 2015 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Cognitive and behavioral outcomes for children exposed in utero to chemotherapy born to mothers with cancer diagnoses. No distinction according to chemotherapy.

Cardonick Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:658.e1-8 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.11.032

Sangle, 2015 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: aimed to study the outcome of pregnancy in patients with systemic vasculitis (SV) compared with healthy pregnant controls. There is no further description of the 6 patients who received MTX discontinued before conception.

Sangle Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54:1582-6 10.1093/rheumatology/kev018

Stokkeland, 2016 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: The aim of this study was to investigate the risks of pregnancy and childbirth complications in women with autoimmune hepatitis compared to the population controls. Outcomes are investigated according to groups of drugs.

Stokkeland Liver Int 2016; 36:76-83 10.1111/liv.12901

Matsui, 2004 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: They assess outcomes of pregnancies occuring after various waiting periods after chemotherapy without distinction. Some patients are not even exposed to MTX.

Matsui J Reprod Med 2004; 49:531-4

Matok, 2009 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class

Matok Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 68:956-62 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03544.x

Lichtenstein, 2018 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class

Lichtenstein Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113:1678-1688 10.1038/s41395-018-0202-9

Kim (preconception), 2008 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Analysis according to maternal illness (Lupus), without distinction between treatments. One methotrexate exposure is mentioned but the outcomes (Apgar and growth) are unknown other than 'the neonate did not exhibit any fetal abnormality'.

Kim Yonsei Med. J. 2008; 49:515-20 10.3349/ymj.2008.49.4.515

Langen, 2014 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class

Langen Am J Perinatol 2014; 31:9-14 10.1055/s-0033-1333666

Levy, 2012 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class

Levy J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 52:78-83 10.1177/0091270010390806

Lin, 2014 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Immunosuppressants use without drug distinction (cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, ciclosporin and tacrolimus).

Lin, P. Lupus Science and Medicine 2014; 1:199-. 10.1136/lupus-2014-000024

La, 2019 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class

La Nasa Am J Clin Oncol 2019; 42:351-354 10.1097/COC.0000000000000527

Hamann, 2019 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Group of exposure 'Use of systemic non-corticosteroid immunomodulators' without distinction of methotrexate.

Hamann J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:577-587 10.1111/jdv.15256

Gziri, 2013 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Methotrexate exposure not studied separately. Children were exposed to anthracyclines alone or with other chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatinum, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, etoposide, bleomycine, ...).

Gziri Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:163-70 10.1007/s00431-012-1849-7

Chakravarty, 2005 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: The purpose of this study was to describe the outcomes of a cohort of pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 2 patients were receiving methotrexate without more details.

Chakravarty Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:1897-904 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.063

de Man, 2009 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: 77 women had ever used methotrexate before pregnancy but no data of the outcomes of these pregnancies. Analysis performed for all pregnancies (whatever the treatments) and for prednisone.

de Man Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60:3196-206 10.1002/art.24914

Van Clasteren, 2010 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Prenatal-exposed group included all infants exposed to Chemotherapy (with or without surgery or radiotherapy) during pregnancy, without distinction between chemotherapy regimens.

Van Calsteren J. Clin. Oncol. 2010; 28:683-9 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.2801

Hyrich, 2006 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: Pregnancy outcomes of the 9 pregnant women exposed to MTX not reported.

Hyrich Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:2701-2 10.1002/art.22028

Lin, 2015 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments

Lin Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:807-10 10.1111/bjd.13306

Pautier, 2004 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: Comments, Cancer and pregnancy: the medical oncologist’s point of view.

Pautier J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2004; 33:S23-8 10.1016/s0368-2315(04)96660-4

Uhl, 2004 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments

Uhl J Rheumatol 2004; 31:400-1; author reply 401-2

Taylor, 2008 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments

Taylor J Rheumatol 2008; 35:1454-7

Vinet, 2009 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: Autors performed a systematic literature review.

Vinet Arthritis Rheum 2009; 61:587-92 10.1002/art.24462

Florea, 2008 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED for litterature review.

Florea Presse Med 2008; 37:1644-51 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.06.015

Braunstein, 2013 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: Here we will summarize the data available for the safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation of the main immunomodulatory andimmunosuppressive agents used to treat autoimmune cutaneous conditions.

Braunstein Dermatol Ther ; 26:354-63 10.1111/dth.12076

Koren, 2013 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: It's a clinical practice guideline to develop clinical recommendations for the use of cancer chemotherapy in pregnant women and women of child-bearing age. Only quoted studies.

Koren, G. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2013; 35:263-. 10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30999-3

Hackmon, 2011 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments

Hackmon Can Fam Physician 2011; 57:37-9

Del Pup, 2012 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: This article reviews the available data regarding the different aspects of systemic treatment of cancer during pregnancy.

Del Pup Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol ; 25:33S-46S 10.1177/03946320120250s203

Biedermann, 2012 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: This article, consistent with the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) guidelines, reviews the literature.

Biedermann Digestion 2012; 86 Suppl 1:45-54 10.1159/000341941

Ostensen, 2001 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: Not an original study.

Ostensen Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2001; 15:953-69 10.1053/beog.2001.0240

Heetun, 2007 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: Review the best management of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the reproductive and pregnant population.

Heetun Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26:513-33 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03397.x

Park, 2017 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments

Park Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 212:192-193 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.02.018

Hyoun, 2012 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: Review on 'Teratogen Update: Methotrexate'.

Hyoun Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2012; 94:187-207 10.1002/bdra.23003

Draycott, 1997 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments

Draycott Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1997; 9:262-6

Evens, 2013 pattern of exposure

Evens J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:4132-9 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.8220

Loibl, 2012 pattern of exposure

Loibl Lancet Oncol 2012; 13:887-96 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70261-9

Viktil, 2009 pattern of exposure EXCLUDED: Pattern of exposure without data on fetal/maternal/neonatal safety outcomes 'The aim of this study was to explore the use of antirheumatic drugs among both pregnant women and expectant fathers in Norway'.

Viktil KK Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18:737-42 10.1002/pds.1775