Tricyclic antidepressants


Study Exclusion reasons Rmk Reference
Källén - Clomipramine only, 2003 Overlapping: these data are included in the data included in the larger study published by Reis 2010 (1995-2007) related to all Tricyclic antidepressants.

Källén Reproductive Toxicology 2003; 17:255-.

Ramos, 2010 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: analysis according to trimester of pregnancy, thus a woman not exposed during the trimester of interest could be exposed during an other trimester of pregnancy. => Inadequate control group.

Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2012; 5:371 10.1177/1756283X10363751

Ramos Can J Psychiatry 2010; 55:643-52

Cavusoglu, 2021 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: all women exposed to antidepressant, with distinction between treatment but no analysis between treatments or versus no exposure.

Cavusoglu, T. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 2021; 71:281-. 10.47391/JPMA.805
Sit, 2011 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: all pregnant women received SRI therapy (sertraline-9, venlafaxine-2, escitalopram-2, citalopram-1, nortriptyline-1, fluvoxamine-1 and fluoxetine-5) => no adequate control group.

Sit J Clin Psychiatry 2011; 72:994-1001 [21824458]

Sit J Clin Psychiatry 2011; 72:994-1001 10.4088/JCP.10m06461
Jimenez-Solem, 2012 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: Data provided for tricyclic antidepressants but the control group used for comparison is not mentioned (Pregnancies with no exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) during pregnancy ? or not exposed to tricyclics ?).

Jimenez-Solem Dan Med J 2014; 61:B4916

Jimenez-Solem E BMJ Open 2012;2: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001148

Kornum Clin Epidemiol 2010; 2:29-36 10.2147/clep.s9256
Misri, 1991 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: 2 groups of pregnant women treated with TCAs during pregnancy and 2 groups treated or not during lactation but it is not mentioned if they had been treated during pregnancy or not => No adequate comparison group.

Misri Int J Psychiatry Med 1991; 21:157-71 10.2190/JDTX-BYC3-K3VP-LWAH
Timmermann, 2008 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: all pregnant women exposed to large doses of drugs (suicide attempt during pregnancy). => No adequate control group.

Timmermann Toxicol Ind Health ; 24:121-31 10.1177/0748233708089002
Cavusoglu, 2021 inadequate or absent control group EXCLUDED: all pregnant women exposed to antidepressants. Authors did not considered a comparator group (unexposed) => No adequate control group.

Cavusoglu, T. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 2021; 71:281-. 10.47391/JPMA.805
Bliddal, 2023 not relevant exposure EXCLUDED: Analysis of the prenatal exposure to Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (Tricyclic antidepressants used as a proxy of depression in childhood).

Bliddal Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:73 10.1186/s13034-023-00624-9

Talati, A. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 2022; 31:474-. 10.1002/pds.5518
Michel, 2023 not relevant exposure EXCLUCED: Due to limitations to the sample size, subgroup analyses were performed for PPIs, SSRIs, and dimenhydrinate only, with 26, 29, and 16 exposed participants, respectively. => No data for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).

Michel Front. Pharmacol. 2023; 14:247-. 10.3389/fphar.2023.1193317
Wisner, 1994 not about fetal exposure EXCLUDED: analysis of antidepressant medication taken in postpartum (whatever the antidepressant medication taken during pregnancy).

Wisner Hosp Community Psychiatry 1994; 45:1191-6 10.1176/ps.45.12.1191
Tsai, 2001 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: continuous variables (Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min).

Tsai Anesth Analg 2001; 93:1288-92 10.1097/00000539-200111000-00052
Kallen, 2012 not relevant outcome EXCLUDED: not considered outcome (twin delivery).

Kallen Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 164:235 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.06.005
Reis, 2014 data not abstractable EXCLUDED: abstract with no extractable data (only some conclusions are reported).

Reis, M. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014; 17:29-. 10.1017/S1461145714000741
Lee, 2021 data not abstractable EXCLUDED: results not extractable (authors provided 'Coefficients of determinants from logistic regression for each type of preterm birth' without confidence interval, odd ratio...).

Lee, K.-S. Diagn. 2021; 11:511-. 10.3390/diagnostics11030555
Almeida, 2016 same data already obtained by other studies Overlapping: same databases, outcomes and study period that data published by Nakhai-Pour 2010, which included more pregnancies than Almeida 2016 and analyzed individual SSRI. Thus Nakhai-Pour 2010 reported rather than Almeida 2016.

Almeida Epidemiology 2016; 27:538-46 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000484
Lenoir, 2020 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Drugs of the nervous system (ATC class N) analysed as a whole, without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments.

Lenoir Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 247:42-48 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.01.042
Sandahl, 1985 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: 'Use of psychotropic drugs' analyzed as a whole, without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments.

Sandahl Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985; 64:381-6 10.3109/00016348509155152
Toh, 2009 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: 'non-SSRI antidepressant users (n = 59) included users of TCAs, SNRIs, or other antidepressants.' => analysis of non-SSRI antidepressant as a whole without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatment.

Toh J Clin Psychopharmacol 2009; 29:555-60 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181bf344c
Sutter-Dallay, 2015 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of Antidepressants as a whole without distinction between subclass of treatments.

Sutter-Dallay J Clin Psychiatry 2015; 76:967-73 10.4088/JCP.14m09070
Ogawa, 2018 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of 'Any antidepressants' and 'SSRI' but not tricyclic antidepressants.

Ogawa Asia Pac Psychiatry 2018; 10:e12309 10.1111/appy.12309
Cesta, 2016 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of 'Non-SSRI antidepressant' as a whole, without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments.

Cesta Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1594-1602.e3 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.01.036
Kallen, 2007 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Other SSRI (Clomipramine 57, Trimipramine 2, Amitryptiline 21, Nortryptiline 4, Moclobemide 3, Mianserin 32, Nefazodone 3, Mirtazapine 27, Venlafaxin 30 and Reboxetin 3) considered as a whole, without distinction.

Kallen Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2007; 79:301-8 10.1002/bdra.20327
Calderon-Margalit, 2009 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of psychotropic medications as a whole, SSRI subclass, SNRI subclass and benzodiazepine but not specifically of tricyclic antidepressants.

Calderon-Margalit Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:579.e1-8 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.061
Maschi, 2008 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis for antidepressants as a whole; raw data provided for Paroxetine (58 cases) and fluoxetine (32 cases) but not for amitriptyline (26 cases).

Maschi BJOG 2008; 115:283-9 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01518.x
Suri, 2007 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: antidepressants analyzed as a whole withotu distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments (more than 90% were exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)).

Suri Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164:1206-13 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06071172
Michielsen, 2014 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of medications (psychotropic drugs, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics and hypnotics) as a whole, without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments.

Michielsen, L.A. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2014; 10:13-. 10.2147/NDT.S53430
Kieviet, 2017 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of antidepressant medications as a whole, without distinction between substances or subclass of substances (paroxetine, fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, velanfaxine, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, bupropion).

Kieviet BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:23 10.1186/s12884-016-1184-5
Tornqvist, 2002 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Analysis of antidepressants as a whole without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments.

Tornqvist Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2002; 80:300-4 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2002.800313.x
Cole, 2007 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'antidepressants other than Paroxetine' as a whole, without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments.

Cole Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16:1075-85 10.1002/pds.1463
Ververs, 2009 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'antidepressant drug (ATC code N06A)' as a whole without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments.

Ververs BJOG 2009; 116:1568-77 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02292.x
Cole, 2007 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'antidepressants other than Bupropion' as a whole, without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments.

Cole Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16:474-84 10.1002/pds.1296
Lupattelli, 2014 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: Analysis of the group TCA(n=28/59)/OADs(n=32/49) as a whole, without specific data for TCA (tricyclic antidepressants).

Lupattelli J Clin Psychopharmacol 2014; 34:143-8 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000036
Boucher, 2008 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of antidepressants as a whole (including 78% (57/73) of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) without distinction between classes of antidepressants.

Boucher J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008; 28:334-9 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318173aa2e
Kieler, 2014 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of antidepressant as a whole, without distinction between treatments (except mirtazapine).

Kieler, H. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 2014; 23:167-. 10.1002/pds.3701
Djulus, 2006 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: 'other antidepressant group' considered as a whole without distinction between antidepressants or class of antidepressants.

Djulus J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67:1280-4 10.4088/jcp.v67n0817
Louik, 2007 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: 'non-SSRI antidepressants (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, bupropion, and venlafaxine)' analyzed as a whole, without distinction between treatments or class of treatments.

Louik N Engl J Med 2007; 356:2675-83 10.1056/NEJMoa067407
Sivathamboo, 2018 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of antidepressant medication as a whole, without distinction between substances or class of substances (SSRI, SNRIs, TCAs, other atypical ADDs). Some analysis of specific SSRI (co-exposed to AED) without adequate control group.

Sivathamboo Epilepsia 2018; 59:1696-1704 10.1111/epi.14539
O'Connor, 2016 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of Antidepressant as a whole (about 2/3 SSRIs and 1/3 other antidepressants (e.g. nor- epinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic anti- depressants) without distinction between treatments or subclass of substances.

O'Connor J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:112-4 10.3109/14767058.2014.987750
Pedersen, 2013 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of antidepressants as a whole, without distinction between substance or class (antidepressants included > 10% of non-SSRI).

Pedersen Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 127:126-35 10.1111/acps.12032
Pascoe, 2019 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: 'Antidepressants: protriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, imipramine, fluoxetine, venlafaxine, citalopram, paroxetine' analysed as a whole without distinction between treatments.

Pascoe J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:1421-1426 10.5664/jcsm.7966
Galbally, 2015 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of antidepressant medication as a whole, without distinction between substances or subclass of substances (32 antidepressants: 27 SSRIs (84%), 3 SNRIs, 1 TCA and 1 noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)).

Galbally Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015; 49:642-50 10.1177/0004867415569800
Damer, 2024 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: All pregnant women exposed to psychotropics (atypical antipsychotic drugs, SSRI, Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA), benzodiazepines, and different combinations) => No adequate control group.

Damer Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 90:76-83 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.06.015
Andrade, 2009 Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class EXCLUDED: analysis of 'any antidepressant' as a whole and SSRI but not of Tricyclic antidepressants.

Andrade Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009; 18:246-52 10.1002/pds.1710
Australian Drug Evaluation Committee, 1973 Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments EXCLUDED: explanation of the conclusion (based on case report) of a Committee without new data.

Australian Drug Evaluation Committee Med J Aust 1973; 1:768-9 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1973.tb110672.x

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