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Nitrazepam (Psy and mixed indications)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Källén, 2013
1
0.23
[
0.03
; 1.66]
49,500
134
not evaluable
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Czeizel, 1987
1
3.01
[
0.12
; 74.14]
630
2
not evaluable
Cleft palate
Czeizel, 1987
1
0.99
[
0.02
; 50.11]
179
1
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Källén, 2013
1
0.23
[
0.03
; 1.66]
49,500
134
not evaluable
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis
0
-
-
-
-
-
Atresia or stenosis of other parts of small intestine
0
-
-
-
-
-
Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome
0
-
-
-
-
-
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus
0
-
-
-
-
-
Congenital heart defects
0
-
-
-
-
-
Ear malformations
0
-
-
-
-
-
Eye defects
0
-
-
-
-
-
Gastroschisis
0
-
-
-
-
-
Genital anomalies
0
-
-
-
-
-
Hydrocephaly
0
-
-
-
-
-
Hypospadias
0
-
-
-
-
-
Limb reduction defects (LRD)
0
-
-
-
-
-
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age
Eros, 2002
1
-
-
-
-
-
Neural Tube Defects
0
-
-
-
-
-
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula
0
-
-
-
-
-
Polydactyly
0
-
-
-
-
-
Intrauterine deaths
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions
Sheehy, 2019
1
4.95
[
0.10
; 249.33]
27,149
1
not evaluable
0.0
100.0
1.0
