Metoclopramide

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Sorensen, 2000 Berkovitch, 2002 Bsat, 2003 Matok, 2009 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Pasternak, 2013 Huybrechts, 2018 Bérard, 2019 81.01[0.95; 1.07]27,61586,141not evaluable Major congenital malformations Berkovitch, 2002 Matok, 2009 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Pasternak, 2013 Huybrechts, 2018 Bérard, 2019 61.01[0.94; 1.10]26,90785,897not evaluable Hypospadias Anderka, 2012 Lind, 2013 Pasternak, 2013 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 40.88[0.68; 1.14]2,55313,276not evaluable Cleft lip with or without cleft palate Anderka, 2012 Pasternak, 2013 Huybrechts, 2018 31.00[0.77; 1.30]1,23381,317not evaluable Cleft palate Anderka, 2012 Pasternak, 2013 Huybrechts, 2018 31.01[0.63; 1.64]70181,318not evaluable Atrial septal defect Pasternak, 2013 Huybrechts, 2018 20.97[0.78; 1.22]76681,295not evaluable Congenital heart defects Huybrechts, 2018 Bérard, 2019 21.10[0.77; 1.58]4,79653,748not evaluable Ventricular septal defect Pasternak, 2013 Huybrechts, 2018 20.86[0.74; 1.00]1,03581,295not evaluable Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis Pasternak, 2013 10.77[0.36; 1.65]5228,486not evaluable Atrioventricular septal defect Huybrechts, 2018 10.60[0.25; 1.44]852,809not evaluable Club foot / Talipes equinovarus Pasternak, 2013 10.78[0.55; 1.10]24728,486not evaluable Coarctation of aorta Pasternak, 2013 11.28[0.70; 2.35]6128,486not evaluable Congenital cataract Pasternak, 2013 10.72[0.35; 1.49]5928,486not evaluable Congenital hydronephrosis Pasternak, 2013 11.18[0.89; 1.57]28128,486not evaluable Congenital skin disorders Pasternak, 2013 11.32[0.68; 2.55]5128,486not evaluable Craniosynostosis Pasternak, 2013 10.80[0.48; 1.34]11028,486not evaluable Digestive system anomalies Bérard, 2019 11.36[0.71; 2.60]1,221939not evaluable Eye, ear, face and neck malformations Bérard, 2019 10.98[0.31; 3.13]581939not evaluable Genital anomalies Bérard, 2019 12.26[1.14; 4.48]940939not evaluable Hydrocephaly Pasternak, 2013 10.81[0.42; 1.57]6628,486not evaluable Limb defects Bérard, 2019 11.09[0.78; 1.52]6,432939not evaluable Limb reduction defects (LRD) Pasternak, 2013 10.99[0.53; 1.84]6928,486not evaluable Minor congenital malformations Matok, 2009 11.10[0.92; 1.31]2,8633,458not evaluable Nervous system anomalies Bérard, 2019 11.26[0.56; 2.85]672939not evaluable Neural Tube Defects Pasternak, 2013 10.81[0.43; 1.51]7628,486not evaluable Oro-facial clefts Huybrechts, 2018 10.76[0.55; 1.05]17452,809not evaluable Patent ductus arterious Huybrechts, 2018 11.64[1.21; 2.23]13652,809not evaluable Polydactyly Pasternak, 2013 10.99[0.59; 1.67]9628,486not evaluable Pulmonary valve stenosis Pasternak, 2013 11.17[0.73; 1.87]10828,486not evaluable Respiratory system anomalies Bérard, 2019 11.29[0.57; 2.91]762939not evaluable Single ventricle Huybrechts, 2018 10.88[0.27; 2.90]-52,809not evaluable Spina bifida Bérard, 2019 12.05[0.23; 18.10]46939not evaluable Syndactyly Pasternak, 2013 10.88[0.51; 1.52]9328,486not evaluable Tetralogy of Fallot Pasternak, 2013 11.12[0.51; 2.44]4028,486not evaluable Total anomalous pulm venous return Huybrechts, 2018 11.30[0.59; 2.89]452,809not evaluable Transposition of the great vessels Pasternak, 2013 10.65[0.28; 1.49]5128,486not evaluable Urinary malformations Bérard, 2019 10.95[0.47; 1.92]1,727939not evaluable Growth parameters and prematurity Preterm (< 37 weeks) Sorensen, 2000 Berkovitch, 2002 Asker, 2005 Matok, 2009 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Pasternak, 2013 61.03[0.89; 1.20]48,41641,944not evaluable Low birth weight (< 2500g) Sorensen, 2000 Asker, 2005 Matok, 2009 Pasternak, 2013 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 50.95[0.85; 1.07]34,83941,811not evaluable Small for gestational age (weight) Asker, 2005 Pasternak, 2013 20.88[0.59; 1.29]32,41038,030not evaluable Very low birth weight (< 1500g) Matok, 2009 11.18[0.90; 1.54]1,1743,458not evaluable Maternal consequences Caesarean Berkovitch, 2002 11.53[0.92; 2.55]52158not evaluable Maternal consequences (as a whole) Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 12.07[0.18; 24.23]329not evaluable Neonatal disorders Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min) McGarry (Unexposed control), 1971 Howard, 1973 Bylsma-Howell, 1983 Kafle, 1993 Shahriari, 2009 51.05[0.55; 2.01]37282not evaluable Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min) Howard, 1973 Bylsma-Howell, 1983 Kafle, 1993 Shahriari, 2009 41.09[0.15; 7.97]-86not evaluable Neonatal death (< 28 days of life) McGarry (Unexposed control), 1971 10.48[0.04; 5.39]3196not evaluable Fetal distress Berkovitch, 2002 10.62[0.34; 1.14]40158not evaluable Low Apgar score (< 7) (NOS) Lussos, 1992 11.00[0.02; 52.85]-21not evaluable Neonatal medical care Orr, 1993 11.02[0.24; 4.37]931not evaluable Persistent pulmonary hypertension 0----- Withdrawal syndrome / Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Poor neonatal adaptation Bylsma-Howell, 1983 10.33[0.05; 2.24]138not evaluable Long term consequences Child/Infant growth abnormalities (> 1 year) Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 10.96[0.02; 50.36]-28not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks) Berkovitch, 2002 Pasternak, 2013 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 30.35[0.33; 0.38]10,18338,150not evaluable Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) Sorensen, 2000 Matok, 2009 Pasternak, 2013 30.90[0.76; 1.08]2,55344,073not evaluable Elective/induced termination of pregnancy Berkovitch, 2002 12.00[0.77; 5.20]18175not evaluable Neuro-developmental disorders Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole) Fejzo, 2015 10.77[0.49; 1.21]138149not evaluable0.0100.01.0