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Esomeprazole
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Paternal exp. genotoxic window only (0–3 months preconception)
Paternal exposure: epigenetic window only (3–xxx months preconception)
Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception)
Paternal exposure: other window
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Pasternak, 2010 Choi a, 2023 Broe (Controls unexposed, sick), 2025
3
1.10
[
1.02
; 1.19]
108,511
14,288
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Pasternak, 2010 Choi a, 2023 Broe (Controls unexposed, sick), 2025
3
1.10
[
1.02
; 1.19]
108,511
14,288
not evaluable
Cleft palate
Choi a, 2023
1
0.97
[
0.53
; 1.78]
2,292
12,516
not evaluable
Congenital heart defects
Choi a, 2023
1
1.09
[
0.97
; 1.23]
42,434
12,516
not evaluable
Hydrocephaly
Choi a, 2023
1
0.43
[
0.11
; 1.71]
786
12,516
not evaluable
Hypospadias
Choi a, 2023
1
0.64
[
0.30
; 1.37]
1,806
6,476
not evaluable
Growth parameters and prematurity
Low birth weight (< 2500g)
Choi b, 2023
1
0.93
[
0.86
; 1.01]
104,782
12,868
not evaluable
0.0
5.0
1.0
