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Atenolol (versus unexposed)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Delteil, 2024
1
1.78
[
0.53
; 5.93]
4,057
74
not evaluable
Atrial septal defect
Caton, 2009
1
0.90
[
0.10
; 7.95]
1,137
6
not evaluable
Coarctation of aorta
Caton, 2009
1
2.40
[
0.16
; 35.19]
406
6
not evaluable
Congenital heart defects
Caton, 2009
1
1.90
[
0.63
; 5.70]
5,021
16
not evaluable
Ebstein's anomaly
Caton, 2009
1
8.13
[
0.43
; 152.49]
65
5
not evaluable
Hypospadias
Van Zutphen, 2014
1
0.86
[
0.26
; 2.83]
2,131
15
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Delteil, 2024
1
1.78
[
0.53
; 5.93]
4,057
74
not evaluable
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Caton, 2009
1
4.20
[
0.49
; 36.01]
534
7
not evaluable
Growth parameters and prematurity
Small for gestational age (weight)
Lydakis, 1999 Bayliss, 2002 Orbach, 2013 Tanaka, 2016 Duan, 2018 Fitton (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020 Albertini, 2023 Delteil, 2024
8
2.78
[
2.23
; 3.46]
49,345
1,038
serious
Low birth weight (< 2500g)
Orbach, 2013 Ishibashi, 2017 Duan, 2018
3
4.01
[
3.33
; 4.83]
29,549
746
not evaluable
Preterm (< 37 weeks)
Lydakis, 1999 Orbach, 2013
2
2.70
[
1.75
; 4.17]
7,894
185
not evaluable
Very low birth weight (< 1500g)
Duan, 2018
1
4.21
[
2.80
; 6.34]
3,465
638
not evaluable
Maternal consequences
Preeclampsia
Lydakis, 1999 Bayliss, 2002 Orbach, 2013 Duan, 2018
4
2.10
[
0.64
; 6.88]
3,543
863
not evaluable
Caesarean
Lydakis, 1999 Darcie, 2004 Duan, 2018
3
2.48
[
2.13
; 2.88]
104,581
756
not evaluable
Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...)
Darcie, 2004 Duan, 2018
2
1.38
[
0.89
; 2.12]
8,259
678
not evaluable
Neonatal disorders
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min)
Darcie, 2004 Orbach, 2013 Duan, 2018
3
2.02
[
1.43
; 2.84]
22,618
785
not evaluable
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min)
Darcie, 2004 Orbach, 2013 Duan, 2018
3
1.75
[
0.53
; 5.79]
4,064
785
not evaluable
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Darcie, 2004 Bateman, 2016
2
2.22
[
0.80
; 6.15]
119
1,161
not evaluable
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 10 min)
Duan, 2018
1
2.06
[
0.85
; 4.97]
1,435
638
not evaluable
Neonatal bradycardia
Bateman, 2016
1
1.16
[
0.60
; 2.26]
43
1,121
not evaluable
Very low Apgar score (< 5) (at 1 min)
Darcie, 2004
1
1.80
[
0.08
; 39.94]
2
40
not evaluable
Intrauterine deaths
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)
Lydakis, 1999
1
1.17
[
0.23
; 5.99]
6
78
not evaluable
Perinatal death
Orbach, 2013
1
0.33
[
0.02
; 5.28]
1,379
107
not evaluable
0.0
100.0
1.0