| Study | Type of data | Exposure measurement | Outcome assessment | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Kerala Registry for Epilepsy and Pregnancy (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine), 2024 | prospective cohort | Women were instructed to record the use of the antiepileptic drugs on a daily basis in the pregnancy diary that was given to them. | Screening for major congenital malformation with antenatal screening by serum alpha fetoprotein estimation and detailed anomaly scan between 12 and 18 weeks of pregnancy; physical examination at birth, at 3 months of age (at least) and at 1 year of age if possible. | No adjustment for this group of comparison. |
| The Kerala Registry for Epilepsy and Pregnancy (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 | prospective cohort | Women were instructed to record the use of the antiepileptic drugs on a daily basis in the pregnancy diary that was given to them. | Screening for major congenital malformation with antenatal screening by serum alpha fetoprotein estimation and detailed anomaly scan between 12 and 18 weeks of pregnancy; physical examination at birth, at 3 months of age (at least) and at 1 year of age if possible. | No adjustment. |
| The West China Registry (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 | prospective cohort | The use of antiseizure medications on the included patients was registered by doctors and trained researchers. | After delivery, the offspring of the Women with epilepsy (WWE) were followed up by pediatricians. Offspring health was assessed by a multidisciplinary team, composed mainly of pediatricians and pediatric neurologists. | No adjustment. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) intelligence quotient (IQ) <70, ... (4) a voluntary termination of pregnancy of the mother’s personal choice and unrelated to fetal health. |
| The West China Registry (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 | prospective cohort | The use of antiseizure medications on the included patients was registered by doctors and trained researchers. | After delivery, the offspring of the Women with epilepsy (WWE) were followed up by pediatricians. Offspring health was assessed by a multidisciplinary team, composed mainly of pediatricians and pediatric neurologists. | No adjustment. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) intelligence quotient (IQ) <70, ... (4) a voluntary termination of pregnancy of the mother’s personal choice and unrelated to fetal health. |