Flunitrazepam

Study	Type of data	Exposure measurement	Outcome assessment	Adjustment
Källén, 2013	population based cohort retrospective	At the midwife interview at the first antenatal care visit, the woman was asked if she had used any drugs since she became pregnant. Or determined by the use of the Swedish Register of Prescribed Drugs (since 2006).	The Swedish Medical Birth Registry contain information based on standardized medical records from the first and further antenatal visit, the delivery and the paediatric examination. Supplemented with data from the Register of Birth Defects and Hospital Discharge Register.	Adjustment was made for year of birth, maternal age (5-year class), parity, smoking in early pregnancy and body mass index.
Meng a (Controls unexposed, sibling), 2023	population based cohort retrospective	The National Health Insurance (NHI) database that comprises anonymised health insurance claims for visits, procedures, and prescriptions for more than 99% of the population in Taiwan (about 23 million).	The National Birth Certificate Application (BCA) database that includes notably gestational age at birth, birth date of newborns, singleton or multiple pregnancy, birthweight, and birth outcomes.	Siblings. Singletons only. Adjusted for maternal age, sex of the infant, birth year, psychiatric medical conditions, tobacco use, alcohol use, drug abuse, and obstetric comorbidity index scores.
Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023	population based cohort retrospective	The National Health Insurance (NHI) database that comprises anonymised health insurance claims for visits, procedures, and prescriptions for more than 99% of the population in Taiwan (about 23 million).	The National Birth Certificate Application (BCA) database that includes notably gestational age at birth, birth date of newborns, singleton or multiple pregnancy, birthweight, and birth outcomes.	Singletons only. Propensity score (PS-FSW) to control for maternal age and nationality, sex of the infant and year of birth, indications for use (eg, anxiety, insomnia, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and bipolar disorder), lifestyle factors (obesity, tobacco, alcohol, ...), chronic maternal comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, ...), medication use, obstetric comorbidity, health-care use.
Noh, 2022	population based cohort retrospective	The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database that comprises notably healthcare utilization (e.g., drug prescription and medical procedure).	Major congenital malformations were identified by diagnostic records, according to the ICD-10 codes defined by the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies classification.	Exclusion of exposures to known teratogens during 1st trimester. Adjusted for maternal age, type of insurance, maternal psychiatric conditions (e.g., bipolar disorder, depression/mood disorder, anxiety, and sleep disorder), maternal conditions (e.g., epilepsy, headache, diabetes, hypertension), parity, plurality, concomitant medications (e.g., antidepressants, ...), and healthcare utilization.

master protocol