| Study | Type of data | Exposure measurement | Outcome assessment | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battino (Epilepsy), 2024 | prospective cohort | Reporting physicians collected information on drug therapy after each trimester. | Abnormalities in the offspring were recorded descriptively by reporting physicians. A committee blinded to type of exposure assessed and categorized these abnormalities. When necessary, the committee solicited additional information from the reporting physicians. | Exclusion of pregnancies exposed to known teratogenic drugs, and those with comorbidities associated with teratogenic risks. No adjustment for this group of comparison. |
| The UKIEPR (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine), 2024 | prospective cohort | Information was collected at registration and changes of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy were detected during the follow-up duration by sending a standardised questionnaire to the patient's general practitioner. Other health care practitioners were contacted if identified. | Outcome data were collected by sending the patient’s general practitioner a standardised questionnaire for completion during the follow-up duration. Other health care practitioners were contacted if identified. | None. |
| The UKIEPR (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 | prospective cohort | Information was collected at registration and changes of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy were detected during the follow-up duration by sending a standardised questionnaire to the patient's general practitioner. Other health care practitioners were contacted if identified. | Outcome data were collected by sending the patient’s general practitioner a standardised questionnaire for completion during the follow-up duration. Other health care practitioners were contacted if identified. | None. |