Atenolol (versus unexposed)

Study	Type of data	Exposure measurement	Outcome assessment	Adjustment
Albertini, 2023	retrospective cohort	Maternal clinical history including medications was collected (no other details).	Data regarding pregnancy and labor outcomes were collected, including fetal losses, birth weight, gestational age, type of delivery, and labor complications (no other details).	No adjustment. Twin pregnancies were excluded.
Bateman, 2016	retrospective cohort (claims database)	Claims database of dispensed prescriptions for outpatient medications.	The outcomes were obtained in the infant records (at least 1 diagnostic code from the ICD-9 indicating the presence of neonatal hypoglycemia or bradycardia). Recordings of the diagnostic codes were identified for 1 month after delivery to allow for potential lags in the posting of claims.	Propensity score for maternal age, maternal ethnicity, maternal heart disease, gestational and preexisting hypertension, gestational and preexisting diabetes, preterm, multiple gestation, alcohol abuse, illicit drug use, tobacco use, chronic renal disease, essential tremor, overall burden of comorbidity, maternal exposure to insulin or oral hypogylcemics in the final month of pregnancy...
Bayliss, 2002	retrospective cohort	Clinical data are collected on drug treatment used before and during pregnancy. Data is collected prospectively from the clinics (patient’s hospital records) onto a proforma and entered into a computer database by a research associate (MB).	Clinical data are collected on the pregnancy outcome, including parameters of fetal growth and wellbeing. Data is collected prospectively from the clinics (patient’s hospital records) onto a proforma and entered into a computer database by a research associate (MB).	The variables entered into the Multiple Logistic Regression model included drug treatment, ethnic origin, maternal height and weight, diastolic and systolic pressures, smoking, fetal sex, proteinuria and gestational age at delivery.
Caton, 2009	case control	Data were collected via a computer-assisted telephone interview of infant's mothers within 24 months of the expected delivery date. Interviewers asked detailed questions about the diagnosis, timing, and treatment of high blood pressure.	Case infants were identified from the population-based birth defects surveillance systems of the participating centers. Control infants were randomly selected from birth certificates or hospital discharge listings in the same geographic areas as the cases.	ORs were adjusted for study center, maternal age at delivery, prepregnancy body mass index, and gestational diabetes.
Darcie, 2004	prospective cohort	This was a randomized, longitudinal, prospective study comparing 3 groups of patients according to the type of maternal treatment. => Not otherwise specified => Considered as a prospective cohort because no precision indicating that a randomization was carried out.	All newborn were specifically evaluated at birth and then successively in the first 24 hours of birth.	No adjustment. Singleton pregnancy. Exclusion of mothers who had another pathology (such as cardiopathy, hepatopathy, hemopathy, diabetes, or pneumopathy) or had been taking other medications that could interfere with the metabolism of carbohydrates in the newborn.
Delteil, 2024	retrospective cohort (claims database)	Women's drug exposure during pregnancy was estimated on the basis of dispensed prescription drugs recorded by the French Assurance Maladie.	Pregnancy outcomes were obtained from compulsory health certificates at 8 days, 9 months and 2 years for children recorded by the Protection Maternelle et Infantile (PMI) for births, and from data from the Primary Health Insurance Fund and the Toulouse University Hospital.	For malformations: adjusted for folic acid intake, the number of other medications during pregnancy, exposure to at least one teratogenic drug, diabetes and maternal age. SGA adjusted for maternal age, the number of other medications during pregnancy, diabetes and child sex.
Duan, 2018	retrospective cohort (claims database)	Pregnant women exposed to beta‐blockers during their pregnancy were identified using pharmacy dispensing records.	This study utilized computerized electronic health system databases which includes inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, patient vital statistics,... Fetal birth weights were obtained from California birth certificates.	For SGA: multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to adjust for maternal age, gestational age, maternal race and ethnicity, body mass index, and maternal comorbidities (including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, arrhythmia, and renal insufficiency). Only singleton pregnancies.
Fitton (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020	retrospective cohort (claims database)	The Prescribing Information System which collects information on encashed prescriptions issued by primary care and dispensed from community pharmacies for all Scottish residents.	The Scottish Morbidity Record 02 database, which collects data on maternal, obstetric, and child outcomes.	Adjusted for: Maternal body mass index, maternal diabetes, parity, smoking status, maternal age, preeclampsia, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintile, drug misuse, alcohol intake, previous stillbirths and interactions. Only singleton live birth.
Fitton (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020	retrospective cohort (claims database)	The Prescribing Information System which collects information on encashed prescriptions issued by primary care and dispensed from community pharmacies for all Scottish residents.	The Scottish Morbidity Record 02 database, which collects data on maternal, obstetric, and child outcomes.	No adjustment for this group of comparison. Only singleton live birth.
Ishibashi, 2017	retrospective cohort	All data were collected with checking their maternity record book.	All data were collected with checking their maternity record book. The infants’ data (premature birth and low birth weight) was collected from the patients’ maternity records.	None.
Lydakis, 1999	retrospective cohort	A retrospective cohort study from a computerized database of a clinic => medical records.	A retrospective cohort study from a computerized database of a clinic => medical records.	No adjustment. Exclusion of pregnancies in women with diabetes, renal diseases, secondary forms of hypertension. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, initial Body Mass Index, smoking habits, proportion of multigravidae, and history of previous miscarriages.
Orbach, 2013	retrospective cohort (claims database)	The medication data of Clalit members are stored in the Clalit data warehouse. This database contains information about dispensing date, the ATC code of the drug (including the commercial and generic names), dose schedule of drugs administration, and dose dispensed in defined daily dose.	Two computerized databases: the database of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department which includes information on maternal medical conditions during pregnancy and delivery; and the Demog-ICD9 which includes medical diagnoses during hospitalization, drawn directly from the medical records.	The models were controlled for maternal age, ethnicity, smoking, diabetes mellitus, twin pregnancies, lack of prenatal care and parity.
Tanaka, 2016	retrospective cohort	Patient data were collected from their medical records and included medication(s) used (β-blockers and other ones).	Patient data were collected from their medical records.	No adjustment for this group of exposure. Singleton only. Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy not observed in any of the patients. No significant differences in gestational DM and pregnancy-induced hypertension between the 3 groups.
Van Zutphen, 2014	case control	Antihypertensive medication use were collected by trained interviewers who conducted maternal telephone interviews within 24 months of delivery.	Data were abstracted from medical record, birth certificates or hospital discharge records. To confirm cases, clinical geneticists reviewed data, including consultations (urology, endocrinology, and genetic), reports (operative, pathology, and autopsy), and radiographic results.	Adjusted for site, maternal age, race and ethnicity, parity, fertility treatment, prepregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes, and multiple birth.

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