| Study | Country Study period |
Population source | Exposure definition | Non-exposure definition | Sample size | Rmk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delteil, 2024 |
France 2004 - 2021 |
Pregnancies with a known outcome between July 2004 and December 2021 in Haute-Garonne, included in the EFEMERIS database. | Pregnancies with at least one dispensed prescription of Carvedilol during pregnancy (between last menstrual period and delivery). |
unexposed (general population or NOS)
Pregnancies without dispensed prescription of beta-blockers and other anti-hypertensive agents during pregnancy. |
1 / 172284 | When available, data in women with chronic pathology (hypertension or cardiac), treated at least during the 1st trimester were preferred to all indications (including gestational hypertension, ...). Exposure at least T1 considered as chronic indications. |
| Kubota - Carvedilol, 2023 |
Japan 2014 - 2020 |
All consecutive pregnancies in women with heart disease admitted to the participating hospital. | Pregnancies in women with heart disease who were prescribed α/β-blocker (i.e carvedilol). |
unexposed, sick
Pregnancies in women with heart disease who did not take any of the α/β- blockers and β-blockers. |
32 / 263 | |
| Tanaka, 2016 |
Japan 2000 - 2010 |
Women with singleton pregnancies and with cardiovascular disease who delivered infants at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Osaka, Japan. | Pregnant women with cardiovascular disease treated with an oral α/β-adrenergic blocker (carvedilol) for at least 2 weeks before delivery. |
unexposed, sick
Pregnant women with cardiovascular disease who were not treated with an oral α/β- or β-adrenergic blocker randomly identified over the same period. |
13 / 100 | Maternal cardiovascular diseases: congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension; aortic disease; valvular heart disease; coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome; cardiomyopathy and heart failure; and arrhythmia. |
| Study | Country Study period |
Case | Control | Sample size | Rmk |
|---|
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