| Study | 
                Reference | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Adab (Carbamazepine), 2004
                 | 
                
                     Adab The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1575-83  Vinten The behavioral consequences of exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero.  Epilepsy Behav 2009; 14:197-201  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Adams (Carbamazepine), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Adams Neuropsychological effects in children exposed to anticonvulsant monotherapy during gestation: Phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin.  Epilepsy Behav 2022; 127:108533  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Al Bunyan (Carbamazepine), 1999
                 | 
                
                     Al Bunyan Outcome of pregnancies in epileptic women: a study in Saudi Arabia.  Seizure 1999; 8:26-9  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Alsaadi (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Alsaadi Antiseizure drugs use during pregnancy and congenital malformations: A retrospective review from the United Arab Emirates.  Epilepsy Res 2020; 159:106259  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Alsaadi (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Alsaadi Antiseizure drugs use during pregnancy and congenital malformations: A retrospective review from the United Arab Emirates.  Epilepsy Res 2020; 159:106259  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Alsfouk (Carbamazepine), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Alsfouk, B.A. Patterns of antiseizure medication prescription in pregnancy and maternal complications in women with epilepsy: A retrospective study in Saudi Arabia  Saudi Pharm. J. 2022; 30:205-.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Alsfouk (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Alsfouk, B.A. Antiseizure medications use during pregnancy and congenital malformations: A retrospective study in Saudi Arabia  Saudi Pharm. J. 2021; 29:939-.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Alsfouk (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Alsfouk, B.A. Antiseizure medications use during pregnancy and congenital malformations: A retrospective study in Saudi Arabia  Saudi Pharm. J. 2021; 29:939-.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    AlSheikh (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020
                 | 
                
                     AlSheikh Prevalence of epilepsy in Saudi pregnant women and possible effects of anti-epileptic drugs on pregnancy outcomes.  Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2020; 25:32-37  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    AlSheikh (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
                 | 
                
                     AlSheikh Prevalence of epilepsy in Saudi pregnant women and possible effects of anti-epileptic drugs on pregnancy outcomes.  Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2020; 25:32-37  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Arkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Arkilo Pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes with in-utero antiepileptic agent exposure. A pilot study.  Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:37-40  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Artama (Carbamazepine), 2005
                 | 
                
                     Artama Antiepileptic drug use of women with epilepsy and congenital malformations in offspring.  Neurology 2005; 64:1874-8  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Artama (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Artama Effects of maternal epilepsy and antiepileptic drug use during pregnancy on perinatal health in offspring: nationwide, retrospective cohort study in Finland.  Drug Saf 2013; 36:359-69  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Artama (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Artama Effects of maternal epilepsy and antiepileptic drug use during pregnancy on perinatal health in offspring: nationwide, retrospective cohort study in Finland.  Drug Saf 2013; 36:359-69  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Artama (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Artama Effects of maternal epilepsy and antiepileptic drug use during pregnancy on perinatal health in offspring: nationwide, retrospective cohort study in Finland.  Drug Saf 2013; 36:359-69  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Arteaga-Vázquez (Carbamazepine), 2012
                 | 
                
                     Arteaga-Vázquez [Congenital malformations in the offspring of epileptic mothers with and without anticonvulsant treatment].  Salud Publica Mex ; 54:579-86  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Aydin (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Aydin Retrospective evaluation of pregnancy outcomes with maternal epilepsy.  Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020; 30:20-  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Aydin (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Aydin Retrospective evaluation of pregnancy outcomes with maternal epilepsy.  Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020; 30:20-  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Baker (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Baker IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study.  Neurology 2015; 84:382-90  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  Meador Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs.  N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1597-605  Meador Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study.  Lancet Neurol 2013; 12:244-52  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Baker (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Baker IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study.  Neurology 2015; 84:382-90  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Baker (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Baker IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study.  Neurology 2015; 84:382-90  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Ban (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Ban Congenital Anomalies in Children of Mothers Taking Antiepileptic Drugs with and without Periconceptional High Dose Folic Acid Use: A Population-Based Cohort Study.  PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131130  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Ban (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Ban Congenital Anomalies in Children of Mothers Taking Antiepileptic Drugs with and without Periconceptional High Dose Folic Acid Use: A Population-Based Cohort Study.  PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131130  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bànhidy (Carbamazepine), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Bànhidy Efficacy of medical care of epileptic pregnant women based on the rate of congenital abnormalities in their offspring.  Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2011; 51:34-42  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bank (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications), 2017
                 | 
                
                     Bank Placental passage of antiepileptic drugs at delivery and neonatal outcomes.  Epilepsia 2017; 58:e82-e86  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Barqawi (Carbamazepine), 2005
                 | 
                
                     Barqawi Evaluation of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy in a Jordanian army hospital.  East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11:601-5  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Barroso (Carbamazepine), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Barroso Perinatal outcomes from the use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy: a case-control study.  J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 28:1445-50  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Battino (Carbamazepine), 1992
                 | 
                
                     Battino Malformations in offspring of 305 epileptic women: a prospective study.  Acta Neurol Scand 1992; 85:204-7  Canger Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study.  Epilepsia 1999; 40:1231-6  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Battino (Carbamazepine), 1999
                 | 
                
                     Battino Intrauterine growth in the offspring of epileptic women: a prospective multicenter study.  Epilepsy Res 1999; 36:53-60  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Battino (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2024
                 | 
                
                     Battino Risk of Major Congenital Malformations and Exposure to Antiseizure Medication Monotherapy.  JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:481-489  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bech (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications), 2018
                 | 
                
                     Bech In utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs is associated with learning disabilities among offspring.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1324-1331  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bjørk (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018
                 | 
                
                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bjørk (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Bjørk Association of Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medication With Risk of Autism and Intellectual Disability.  JAMA Neurol 2022; :  Daugaard Association of Prenatal Exposure to Valproate and Other Antiepileptic Drugs With Intellectual Disability and Delayed Childhood Milestones.  JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2025570  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bjørk (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Bjørk Association of Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medication With Risk of Autism and Intellectual Disability.  JAMA Neurol 2022; :  Daugaard Association of Prenatal Exposure to Valproate and Other Antiepileptic Drugs With Intellectual Disability and Delayed Childhood Milestones.  JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2025570  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bjørk (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2018
                 | 
                
                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bjørk (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018
                 | 
                
                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bjørk (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Bjørk Association of Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medication With Risk of Autism and Intellectual Disability.  JAMA Neurol 2022; :  Daugaard Association of Prenatal Exposure to Valproate and Other Antiepileptic Drugs With Intellectual Disability and Delayed Childhood Milestones.  JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2025570  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Blotière (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2019
                 | 
                
                     Blotière Risks of 23 specific malformations associated with prenatal exposure to 10 antiepileptic drugs.  Neurology 2019; 93:e167-e180  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Blotière (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2019
                 | 
                
                     Blotière Risks of 23 specific malformations associated with prenatal exposure to 10 antiepileptic drugs.  Neurology 2019; 93:e167-e180  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Borthen (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2010
                 | 
                
                     Borthen Delivery outcome of women with epilepsy: a population-based cohort study.  BJOG 2010; 117:1537-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Borthen (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Borthen Delivery outcome of women with epilepsy: a population-based cohort study.  BJOG 2010; 117:1537-43  Borthen Obstetric outcome in women with epilepsy: a hospital-based, retrospective study.  BJOG 2011; 118:956-65  Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Borthen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2010
                 | 
                
                     Borthen Delivery outcome of women with epilepsy: a population-based cohort study.  BJOG 2010; 117:1537-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Borthen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Borthen Delivery outcome of women with epilepsy: a population-based cohort study.  BJOG 2010; 117:1537-43  Borthen Obstetric outcome in women with epilepsy: a hospital-based, retrospective study.  BJOG 2011; 118:956-65  Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Borthen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010
                 | 
                
                     Borthen Delivery outcome of women with epilepsy: a population-based cohort study.  BJOG 2010; 117:1537-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Borthen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Borthen Delivery outcome of women with epilepsy: a population-based cohort study.  BJOG 2010; 117:1537-43  Borthen Obstetric outcome in women with epilepsy: a hospital-based, retrospective study.  BJOG 2011; 118:956-65  Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2010
                 | 
                
                     Baker IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study.  Neurology 2015; 84:382-90  Bromley Early cognitive development in children born to women with epilepsy: a prospective report.  Epilepsia 2010; 51:2058-65  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Bromley Autism spectrum disorders following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs.  Neurology 2008; 71:1923-4  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2010
                 | 
                
                     Baker IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study.  Neurology 2015; 84:382-90  Bromley Early cognitive development in children born to women with epilepsy: a prospective report.  Epilepsia 2010; 51:2058-65  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Bromley Autism spectrum disorders following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs.  Neurology 2008; 71:1923-4  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010
                 | 
                
                     Baker IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study.  Neurology 2015; 84:382-90  Bromley Early cognitive development in children born to women with epilepsy: a prospective report.  Epilepsia 2010; 51:2058-65  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Bromley Autism spectrum disorders following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs.  Neurology 2008; 71:1923-4  Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023
                 | 
                
                     Bromley Neurodevelopment of babies born to mothers with epilepsy: A prospective observational cohort study.  Epilepsia 2023; 64:2454-2471  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023
                 | 
                
                     Bromley Neurodevelopment of babies born to mothers with epilepsy: A prospective observational cohort study.  Epilepsia 2023; 64:2454-2471  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Burja (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2006
                 | 
                
                     Burja The frequency of neonatal morbidity after exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero: a retrospective population-based study.  Wien Klin Wochenschr 2006; 118 Suppl 2:12-6  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Burja (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006
                 | 
                
                     Burja The frequency of neonatal morbidity after exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero: a retrospective population-based study.  Wien Klin Wochenschr 2006; 118 Suppl 2:12-6  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014
                 | 
                
                     Campbell Malformation risks of antiepileptic drug monotherapies in pregnancy: updated results from the UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy Registers.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1029-34  Campbell Recurrence risk of congenital malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero.  Epilepsia 2013; 54:165-71  Morrow Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:193-8  Morrow Folic acid use and major congenital malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:506-11  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014
                 | 
                
                     Campbell Malformation risks of antiepileptic drug monotherapies in pregnancy: updated results from the UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy Registers.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1029-34  Morrow Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:193-8  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Canger (Carbamazepine), 1999
                 | 
                
                     Canger Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study.  Epilepsia 1999; 40:1231-6  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cassina (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Cassina Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to antiepileptic drugs: teratogenic role of maternal epilepsy and its pharmacologic treatment.  Reprod Toxicol 2013; 39:50-7  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cassina (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Mixed indications), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Cassina Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to antiepileptic drugs: teratogenic role of maternal epilepsy and its pharmacologic treatment.  Reprod Toxicol 2013; 39:50-7  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Charlton (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Charlton Comparing the General Practice Research Database and the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register as tools for postmarketing teratogen surveillance: anticonvulsants and the risk of major congenital malformations.  Drug Saf 2011; 34:157-71  Morrow Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:193-8  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Charlton (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2017
                 | 
                
                     Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  Charlton Sensitivity of the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink to Detect Neurodevelopmental Effects of Medicine Exposure in Utero: Comparative Analysis of an Antiepileptic Drug-Exposed Cohort.  Drug Saf 2017; 40:387-397  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Charlton (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017
                 | 
                
                     Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  Charlton Sensitivity of the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink to Detect Neurodevelopmental Effects of Medicine Exposure in Utero: Comparative Analysis of an Antiepileptic Drug-Exposed Cohort.  Drug Saf 2017; 40:387-397  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Charlton (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Charlton Comparing the General Practice Research Database and the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register as tools for postmarketing teratogen surveillance: anticonvulsants and the risk of major congenital malformations.  Drug Saf 2011; 34:157-71  Morrow Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:193-8  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Charlton (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017
                 | 
                
                     Bromley The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:637-43  Charlton Sensitivity of the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink to Detect Neurodevelopmental Effects of Medicine Exposure in Utero: Comparative Analysis of an Antiepileptic Drug-Exposed Cohort.  Drug Saf 2017; 40:387-397  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Christensen (Carbamazepine) (All indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications and fetal growth: a population-based cohort study from the Nordic countries.  Lancet Reg Health Eur 2024; 38:100849  Dreier Prenatal exposure to antiseizure medication and intrauterine growth restriction in offspring of women with epilepsy  Epilepsia 2021; 62(S3):3-364.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Christensen (Carbamazepine) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications and fetal growth: a population-based cohort study from the Nordic countries.  Lancet Reg Health Eur 2024; 38:100849  Dreier Prenatal exposure to antiseizure medication and intrauterine growth restriction in offspring of women with epilepsy  Epilepsia 2021; 62(S3):3-364.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Christensen (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Indications NOS), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism.  JAMA 2013; 309:1696-703  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Christensen (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Apgar-score in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs: a population-based cohort study.  BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007425  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Christensen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Indications NOS), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism.  JAMA 2013; 309:1696-703  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Christensen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Apgar-score in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs: a population-based cohort study.  BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007425  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Christensen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2015
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Apgar-score in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs: a population-based cohort study.  BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007425  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cohen (Carbamazepine), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Cohen Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: motor, adaptive, and emotional/behavioral functioning at age 3 years.  Epilepsy Behav 2011; 22:240-6  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cohen (Carbamazepine), 2013
                 | 
                
                     Cohen Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: Adaptive and emotional/behavioral functioning at age 6years.  Epilepsy Behav 2013; 29:308-15  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cohen (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2019
                 | 
                
                     Cohen Anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizer and Lithium Use and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.  J Clin Psychiatry 2019; 80:  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cohen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2019
                 | 
                
                     Cohen Anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizer and Lithium Use and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.  J Clin Psychiatry 2019; 80:  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cohen (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Prenatal exposure to valproate and risk of congenital malformations-Could we have known earlier?-A population-based cohort study.  Epilepsia 2021; 62:2981-2993  Cohen Comparative Safety of Antiseizure Medication Monotherapy for Major Malformations.  Ann Neurol 2023; 93:551-562  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cohen (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2023
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Prenatal exposure to valproate and risk of congenital malformations-Could we have known earlier?-A population-based cohort study.  Epilepsia 2021; 62:2981-2993  Cohen Comparative Safety of Antiseizure Medication Monotherapy for Major Malformations.  Ann Neurol 2023; 93:551-562  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Coste (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Blotière Risk of early neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drugs most commonly used during pregnancy: a French nationwide population-based cohort study.  BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034829  Coste Risk of early neurodevelopmental disorders associated with in utero exposure to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs: a nationwide cohort study in France.  Sci Rep 2020; 10:17362  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Coste (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Coste Risk of early neurodevelopmental disorders associated with in utero exposure to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs: a nationwide cohort study in France.  Sci Rep 2020; 10:17362  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Cummings Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to lamotrigine, sodium valproate and carbamazepine.  Arch Dis Child 2011; 96:643-7  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Cummings Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to lamotrigine, sodium valproate and carbamazepine.  Arch Dis Child 2011; 96:643-7  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Czeizel (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications), 1992
                 | 
                
                     Bànhidy Efficacy of medical care of epileptic pregnant women based on the rate of congenital abnormalities in their offspring.  Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2011; 51:34-42  Czeizel Evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs during pregnancy in a population-based Hungarian study.  Eur J Epidemiol 1992; 8:122-7  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    D'Souza (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991
                 | 
                
                     D'Souza Fetal phenytoin exposure, hypoplastic nails, and jitteriness.  Arch Dis Child 1991; 66:320-4  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    D'Souza (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991
                 | 
                
                     D'Souza Fetal phenytoin exposure, hypoplastic nails, and jitteriness.  Arch Dis Child 1991; 66:320-4  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Dean (Carbamazepine), 2002
                 | 
                
                     Dean Fetal anticonvulsant syndromes and polymorphisms in MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR.  Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:2303-11  Dean Long term health and neurodevelopment in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs before birth.  J Med Genet 2002; 39:251-9  
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                | 
                    Dean (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2007
                 | 
                
                     Dean Fetal anticonvulsant syndromes and polymorphisms in MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR.  Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:2303-11  Dean Long term health and neurodevelopment in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs before birth.  J Med Genet 2002; 39:251-9  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Dean (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2007
                 | 
                
                     Dean Fetal anticonvulsant syndromes and polymorphisms in MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR.  Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:2303-11  Dean Long term health and neurodevelopment in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs before birth.  J Med Genet 2002; 39:251-9  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Deshmukh (Carbamazepine), 2016
                 | 
                
                     Deshmukh Behavioral outcomes in children exposed prenatally to lamotrigine, valproate, or carbamazepine.  Neurotoxicol Teratol ; 54:5-14  
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                | 
                    Diav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001
                 | 
                
                     Diav-Citrin Is carbamazepine teratogenic? A prospective controlled study of 210 pregnancies.  Neurology 2001; 57:321-4  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Díaz-Romero (Carbamazepine), 1999
                 | 
                
                     Díaz-Romero Facial anthropometric measurements in offspring of epileptic mothers.  Arch Med Res ; 30:186-9  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Dreier (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Association of Prenatal Exposure to Valproate and Other Antiepileptic Drugs With Risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring.  JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e186606  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Dreier (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023
                 | 
                
                     Christensen Association of Prenatal Exposure to Valproate and Other Antiepileptic Drugs With Risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring.  JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e186606  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Endo (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004
                 | 
                
                     Endo Statistics on deliveries of mothers with epilepsy at Yokohama City University Hospital.  Epilepsia 2004; 45 Suppl 8:42-7  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Endo (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004
                 | 
                
                     Endo Statistics on deliveries of mothers with epilepsy at Yokohama City University Hospital.  Epilepsia 2004; 45 Suppl 8:42-7  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Eriksson (Carbamazepine), 2005
                 | 
                
                     Eriksson Children exposed to valproate in utero--population based evaluation of risks and confounding factors for long-term neurocognitive development.  Epilepsy Res 2005; 65:189-200  Viinikainen The effects of valproate exposure in utero on behavior and the need for educational support in school-aged children.  Epilepsy Behav 2006; 9:636-40  
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                | 
                    Ertürk Çetin (Epilepsy) (Carbamazepine), 2024
                 | 
                
                     Ertürk Çetin Minor/Major Congenital Malformations and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children Prenatally Exposed to Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine, and Carbamazepine Monotherapy.  Clin Neuropharmacol 2024; :  
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                | 
                    Forsberg (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Forsberg School performance at age 16 in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero--a population-based study.  Epilepsia 2011; 52:364-9  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Forsberg (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Forsberg School performance at age 16 in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero--a population-based study.  Epilepsia 2011; 52:364-9  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Gaily (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004
                 | 
                
                     Gaily Normal intelligence in children with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine.  Neurology 2004; 62:28-32  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Gaily (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004
                 | 
                
                     Gaily Normal intelligence in children with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine.  Neurology 2004; 62:28-32  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Guveli (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2017
                 | 
                
                     Guveli Teratogenicity of Antiepileptic Drugs.  Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2017; 15:19-27  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Hao (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2025
                 | 
                
                     Hao Seizure control and pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with epilepsy: A prospective multicenter cohort study.  Epilepsia 2025; :  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Hao (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2025
                 | 
                
                     Hao Seizure control and pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with epilepsy: A prospective multicenter cohort study.  Epilepsia 2025; :  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Hernández-Díaz (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2012
                 | 
                
                    
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Holmes (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Holmes Fetal effects of anticonvulsant polytherapies: different risks from different drug combinations.  Arch Neurol 2011; 68:1275-81  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Holmes (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2001
                 | 
                
                     Holmes The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs.  N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1132-8  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Holmes (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Holmes Fetal effects of anticonvulsant polytherapies: different risks from different drug combinations.  Arch Neurol 2011; 68:1275-81  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Holmes (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2001
                 | 
                
                     Holmes The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs.  N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1132-8  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Hosny (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Hosny Risk factors of fetal deaths and major birth defects in newborns of women with epilepsy: An Egyptian prospective study.  Epilepsy Behav 2021; 123:108251  
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                | 
                    Hosny (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021
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                     Hosny Risk factors of fetal deaths and major birth defects in newborns of women with epilepsy: An Egyptian prospective study.  Epilepsy Behav 2021; 123:108251  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Huber-Mollema (Carbamazepine), 2019
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                     Huber-Mollema Behavioral problems in children of mothers with epilepsy prenatally exposed to valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, or levetiracetam monotherapy.  Epilepsia 2019; 60:1069-1082  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Husebye (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Husebye Language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years after antiepileptic drug exposure in utero - the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.  Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:667-675  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Husebye (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Husebye Language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years after antiepileptic drug exposure in utero - the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.  Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:667-675  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Husebye (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Husebye Language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years after antiepileptic drug exposure in utero - the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.  Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:667-675  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Hvas (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2000
                 | 
                
                     Hvas Epilepsy and pregnancy: effect of antiepileptic drugs and lifestyle on birthweight.  BJOG 2000; 107:896-902  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Hvas (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2000
                 | 
                
                     Hvas Epilepsy and pregnancy: effect of antiepileptic drugs and lifestyle on birthweight.  BJOG 2000; 107:896-902  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Jentink (Carbamazepine), 2010
                 | 
                
                     Jentink Intrauterine exposure to carbamazepine and specific congenital malformations: systematic review and case-control study.  BMJ 2010; 341:c6581  
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                | 
                    Kaaja (Carbamazepine), 2003
                 | 
                
                     Kaaja Major malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy.  Neurology 2003; 60:575-9  
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                | 
                    Källén (Carbamazepine), 1994
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                     Källén Maternal carbamazepine and infant spina bifida.  Reprod Toxicol ; 8:203-5  
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                    Källén (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick)  (Indications NOS), 2013
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                     Bodén Risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in women treated or not treated with mood stabilisers for bipolar disorder: population based cohort study.  BMJ 2012; 345:e7085  Källén The use of central nervous system active drugs during pregnancy.  Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1221-86  Razaz Association Between Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes Among Women With Epilepsy.  JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:983-991  Wide Major malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, with emphasis on carbamazepine and valproic acid: a nation-wide, population-based register study.  Acta Paediatr 2004; 93:174-6  
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                | 
                    Källén (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS)  (Indications NOS), 2013
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                     Bodén Risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in women treated or not treated with mood stabilisers for bipolar disorder: population based cohort study.  BMJ 2012; 345:e7085  Källén The use of central nervous system active drugs during pregnancy.  Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1221-86  
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                    Kaneko (Carbamazepine), 1999
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                     Battino Malformations in offspring of 305 epileptic women: a prospective study.  Acta Neurol Scand 1992; 85:204-7  Canger Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study.  Epilepsia 1999; 40:1231-6  Dansky Major congenital malformations in the offspring of epileptic patients: genetic and environmental risk factors  New York: Raven Press; 1982 Epilepsy, Pregnancy and the Child  Kaneko Teratogenicity of Antiepileptic Drugs: A Prospective Study  Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology. 1986;40(3):447-450  Kaneko Malformation in infants of mothers with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs.  Neurology 1992; 42:68-74  Kaneko Congenital malformations due to antiepileptic drugs.  Epilepsy Res 1999; 33:145-58  Kaneko Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs: analysis of possible risk factors.  Epilepsia ; 29:459-67  Oguni Improved pregnancy outcome in epileptic women in the last decade: relationship to maternal anticonvulsant therapy.  Brain Dev 1992; 14:371-80  
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                    Kasradze (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2017
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                     Kasradze Cognitive functions in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero - Study in Georgia.  Epilepsy Behav 2017; 66:105-112  
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                | 
                    Kasradze (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017
                 | 
                
                     Kasradze Cognitive functions in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero - Study in Georgia.  Epilepsy Behav 2017; 66:105-112  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Katz (Carbamazepine), 2001
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                     Katz Current Management of Epilepsy and Pregnancy: Fetal Outcome, Congenital Malformations, and Developmental Delay.  Epilepsy Behav 2001; 2:119-123  
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                    Kilic (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014
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                     Kilic Birth outcomes after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs--a population-based study.  Epilepsia 2014; 55:1714-21  
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                    Kilic (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2014
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                     Kilic Birth outcomes after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs--a population-based study.  Epilepsia 2014; 55:1714-21  
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                    Kilic (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014
                 | 
                
                     Kilic Birth outcomes after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs--a population-based study.  Epilepsia 2014; 55:1714-21  
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                | 
                    Kini (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006
                 | 
                
                     Kini Dysmorphic features: an important clue to the diagnosis and severity of fetal anticonvulsant syndromes.  Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:F90-5  
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                | 
                    Kini (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006
                 | 
                
                     Adab The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1575-83  Kini Dysmorphic features: an important clue to the diagnosis and severity of fetal anticonvulsant syndromes.  Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:F90-5  
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                | 
                    Leite (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2024
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                     Leite Obstetric and neonatal outcomes, antiseizure medication profile, and seizure types in pregnant women in a vulnerability state from Brazil.  PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291190  
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                    Li (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023
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                     He Pregnancy outcome in women with epilepsy in Western China: A prospective hospital based study.  Epilepsy Behav 2017; 74:10-14  Li Pregnancy characteristics and adverse outcomes in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective registry study from Mainland China.  Front Neurol 2023; 14:1195003  
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                    Li (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023
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                     He Pregnancy outcome in women with epilepsy in Western China: A prospective hospital based study.  Epilepsy Behav 2017; 74:10-14  Li Pregnancy characteristics and adverse outcomes in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective registry study from Mainland China.  Front Neurol 2023; 14:1195003  
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                    Madley-Dowd_SE (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024
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                     Madley-Dowd Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.  Nat Commun 2024; 15:9640  
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                | 
                    Madley-Dowd_SE (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024
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                     Madley-Dowd Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.  Nat Commun 2024; 15:9640  
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                | 
                    Madley-Dowd_SE (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024
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                     Madley-Dowd Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.  Nat Commun 2024; 15:9640  
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                | 
                    Madley-Dowd_UK (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024
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                     Madley-Dowd Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.  Nat Commun 2024; 15:9640  
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                | 
                    Madley-Dowd_UK (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024
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                     Madley-Dowd Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.  Nat Commun 2024; 15:9640  
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                    Madley-Dowd_UK (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024
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                     Madley-Dowd Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.  Nat Commun 2024; 15:9640  
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                | 
                    Margulis (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications), 2019
                 | 
                
                     Margulis Relation of in-utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs to pregnancy duration and size at birth.  PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214180  
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                | 
                    Mari (Carbamazepine), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Mari Levetiracetam, lamotrigine and carbamazepine: which monotherapy during pregnancy?  Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1993-2001  
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                    Mawer (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2010
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                     Kini Influence of the MTHFR genotype on the rate of malformations following exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero.  Eur J Med Genet ; 50:411-20  Mawer Pregnancy with epilepsy: obstetric and neonatal outcome of a controlled study.  Seizure 2010; 19:112-9  Meador In utero antiepileptic drug exposure: fetal death and malformations.  Neurology 2006; 67:407-12  
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                    Mawer (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2010
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                     Kini Influence of the MTHFR genotype on the rate of malformations following exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero.  Eur J Med Genet ; 50:411-20  Mawer Pregnancy with epilepsy: obstetric and neonatal outcome of a controlled study.  Seizure 2010; 19:112-9  
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                    Mawer (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010
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                     Kini Influence of the MTHFR genotype on the rate of malformations following exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero.  Eur J Med Genet ; 50:411-20  Mawer Pregnancy with epilepsy: obstetric and neonatal outcome of a controlled study.  Seizure 2010; 19:112-9  
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                    McVearry (Carbamazepine), 2009
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                     McVearry A prospective study of cognitive fluency and originality in children exposed in utero to carbamazepine, lamotrigine, or valproate monotherapy.  Epilepsy Behav 2009; 16:609-16  
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                    Meador (Carbamazepine), 2006
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                     Mawer Pregnancy with epilepsy: obstetric and neonatal outcome of a controlled study.  Seizure 2010; 19:112-9  Meador In utero antiepileptic drug exposure: fetal death and malformations.  Neurology 2006; 67:407-12  
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                    Meador (Carbamazepine), 2009
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                     Baker IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study.  Neurology 2015; 84:382-90  Meador Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs.  N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1597-605  Meador Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study.  Lancet Neurol 2013; 12:244-52  Meador Relationship of child IQ to parental IQ and education in children with fetal antiepileptic drug exposure.  Epilepsy Behav 2011; 21:147-52  
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                    Meador (Carbamazepine), 2011
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                     Meador Foetal antiepileptic drug exposure and verbal versus non-verbal abilities at three years of age.  Brain 2011; 134:396-404  
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                    Meador (Carbamazepine), 2013
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                     Baker IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study.  Neurology 2015; 84:382-90  Cohen Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and learning and memory functioning at 6?years of age: The NEAD prospective observational study.  Epilepsy Behav 2019; 92:154-164  Meador Fetal loss and malformations in the MONEAD study of pregnant women with epilepsy.  Neurology 2020; 94:e1502-e1511  Meador Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs.  N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1597-605  Meador Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study.  Lancet Neurol 2013; 12:244-52  Meador Relationship of child IQ to parental IQ and education in children with fetal antiepileptic drug exposure.  Epilepsy Behav 2011; 21:147-52  Meador Foetal antiepileptic drug exposure and verbal versus non-verbal abilities at three years of age.  Brain 2011; 134:396-404  
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                    Meador (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020
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                     Meador Fetal loss and malformations in the MONEAD study of pregnant women with epilepsy.  Neurology 2020; 94:e1502-e1511  
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                | 
                    Meador (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Meador Two-Year-Old Cognitive Outcomes in Children of Pregnant Women With Epilepsy in the Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs Study.  JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:927-936  
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                    Meador (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Meador Fetal loss and malformations in the MONEAD study of pregnant women with epilepsy.  Neurology 2020; 94:e1502-e1511  
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                | 
                    Meador (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Meador Two-Year-Old Cognitive Outcomes in Children of Pregnant Women With Epilepsy in the Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs Study.  JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:927-936  
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                    Meador (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
                 | 
                
                     Meador Fetal loss and malformations in the MONEAD study of pregnant women with epilepsy.  Neurology 2020; 94:e1502-e1511  
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                | 
                    Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016
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                     Miškov Croatian Pregnant Women with Epilepsy and Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs Exposure in their Offspring - seven years of prospective surveillance  American Epilepsy Society; Texas 2010  Miškov The Croatian Model of Integrative Prospective Management of Epilepsy and Pregnancy  Acta Clin Croat 2016; 55:535-548  
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                | 
                    Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016
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                     Miškov Croatian Pregnant Women with Epilepsy and Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs Exposure in their Offspring - seven years of prospective surveillance  American Epilepsy Society; Texas 2010  Miškov The Croatian Model of Integrative Prospective Management of Epilepsy and Pregnancy  Acta Clin Croat 2016; 55:535-548  
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                | 
                    Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016
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                     Miškov Croatian Pregnant Women with Epilepsy and Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs Exposure in their Offspring - seven years of prospective surveillance  American Epilepsy Society; Texas 2010  Miškov The Croatian Model of Integrative Prospective Management of Epilepsy and Pregnancy  Acta Clin Croat 2016; 55:535-548  
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                | 
                    Nadebaum (Carbamazepine), 2011
                 | 
                
                     Nadebaum Language skills of school-aged children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  Neurology 2011; 76:719-26  
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                    Nulman (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 1997
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                     Gladstone Course of pregnancy and fetal outcome following maternal exposure to carbamazepine and phenytoin: a prospective study.  Reprod Toxicol 1992; 6:257-61  Nulman Findings in children exposed in utero to phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy: independent effects of epilepsy and medications.  Am J Med Genet 1997; 68:18-24  
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                    Nulman (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 1997
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                    Ornoy (Carbamazepine), 1996
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                     Diav-Citrin Is carbamazepine teratogenic? A prospective controlled study of 210 pregnancies.  Neurology 2001; 57:321-4  Ornoy Outcome of children born to epileptic mothers treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy.  Arch Dis Child 1996; 75:517-20  
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                    Pekoz (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023
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                     Pekoz Birth outcomes in pregnant women with epilepsy: A Nationwide multicenter study from Turkiye.  Epilepsia 2023; 64:2310-2321  
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                    Pekoz (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023
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                     Pekoz Birth outcomes in pregnant women with epilepsy: A Nationwide multicenter study from Turkiye.  Epilepsia 2023; 64:2310-2321  
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                    Pennell (Carbamazepine), 2012
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                     Pennell Differential effects of antiepileptic drugs on neonatal outcomes.  Epilepsy Behav 2012; 24:449-56  
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                    Razaz (Carbamazepine), 2024
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                     Razaz Risk of Perinatal and Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With Epilepsy.  JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:985-995  
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                    Ren (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications), 2023
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                     Elkjaer Association Between Prenatal Valproate Exposure and Performance on Standardized Language and Mathematics Tests in School-aged Children.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:663-671  Ren Prenatal Carbamazepine Exposure and Academic Performance in Adolescents: A Population-Based Cohort Study.  Neurology 2023; 100:e728-e738  
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                    Richards (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Indications NOS), 2019
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                     Richards Developmental outcomes at age four following maternal antiepileptic drug use.  Epilepsy Behav 2019; 93:73-79  
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                    Richards (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Indications NOS), 2019
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                     Richards Developmental outcomes at age four following maternal antiepileptic drug use.  Epilepsy Behav 2019; 93:73-79  
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                     Robert Evaluation of drug therapy and teratogenic risk in a Rhone-Alpes district population of pregnant epileptic women.  Eur Neurol 1986; 25:436-43  
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                     Samrén Antiepileptic drug regimens and major congenital abnormalities in the offspring.  Ann Neurol 1999; 46:739-46  
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                    Sonneveld (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS), 1990
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                     Sonneveld Outcome of pregnancies complicated by epilepsy in Tasmania 1981-1988.  Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 30:286-9  
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                    Sonneveld (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1990
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                     Sonneveld Outcome of pregnancies complicated by epilepsy in Tasmania 1981-1988.  Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 30:286-9  
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                    Steegers-Theunissen (Carbamazepine), 1994
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                     Steegers-Theunissen Factors influencing the risk of abnormal pregnancy outcome in epileptic women: a multi-centre prospective study.  Epilepsy Res 1994; 18:261-9  
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                    Stjerna (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2024
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                     Huber-Mollema Neurocognition after prenatal levetiracetam, lamotrigine, carbamazepine or valproate exposure.  J Neurol 2020; 267:1724-1736  Stjerna Cognitive outcomes after fetal exposure to carbamazepine, lamotrigine, valproate or levetiracetam monotherapy: Data from the EURAP neurocognitive extension protocol.  Epilepsy Behav 2024; 159:110024  
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                    The NAAED (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Indications NOS), 2023
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                     Hernández-Díaz Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  Neurology 2012;78:1692-9  Lewis B. Holmes, M.D. (Director) Risk of malformations for specific AED in monotherapy and the control groups (Latest Study Data - October 2023)  https://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/ (Consulted 05/2022)  Lewis Holmes Risk of malformations for specific AED in monotherapy and the control groups.  Latest Study Data - October 2023. https://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/ (Consulted September 2024)  
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                    The NAAED (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Indications NOS), 2023
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                     Hernández-Díaz Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  Neurology 2012;78:1692-9  Lewis B. Holmes, M.D. (Director) Risk of malformations for specific AED in monotherapy and the control groups (Annual Update for 2022)  https://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/ (Consulted 05/2022)  Lewis Holmes Risk of malformations for specific AED in monotherapy and the control groups.  Latest Study Data - October 2023. https://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/ (Consulted September 2024)  Wyszynski Increased rate of major malformations in offspring exposed to valproate during pregnancy.  Neurology 2005; 64:961-5  
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                    Thomas (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021
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                     Keni Teratogenicity of antiepileptic dual therapy: Dose-dependent, drug-specific, or both?  Neurology 2018; 90:e790-e796  Thomas Malformation risk of antiepileptic drug exposure during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: Results from a pregnancy registry in South India.  Epilepsia 2017; 58:274-281  Thomas Malformation risk of new anti-epileptic drugs in women with epilepsy; observational data from the Kerala registry of epilepsy and pregnancy (KREP).  Seizure 2021; 93:127-132  
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                    Thomas (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021
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                     Thomas Malformation risk of antiepileptic drug exposure during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: Results from a pregnancy registry in South India.  Epilepsia 2017; 58:274-281  
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                    Thomas (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021
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                     Thomas Cardiac malformations are increased in infants of mothers with epilepsy.  Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 29:604-8  Thomas Malformation risk of antiepileptic drug exposure during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: Results from a pregnancy registry in South India.  Epilepsia 2017; 58:274-281  Thomas Malformation risk of new anti-epileptic drugs in women with epilepsy; observational data from the Kerala registry of epilepsy and pregnancy (KREP).  Seizure 2021; 93:127-132  
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                    Thomas a (Carbamazepine), 2008
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                     Thomas Cardiac malformations are increased in infants of mothers with epilepsy.  Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 29:604-8  
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                    Thomas a (Carbamazepine), 2022
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                     Bhaskaran Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Children with Antenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications.  Indian J Pediatr 2025; 92:252-259  Gopinath Children (10-12 years age) of women with epilepsy have lower intelligence, attention and memory: Observations from a prospective cohort case control study.  Epilepsy Res 2015; 117:58-62  Sreedharan Reduced brain volumes in children of women with epilepsy: A neuropsychological and voxel based morphometric analysis in pre-adolescent children.  J Neuroradiol 2018; 45:380-385  Thomas Intellectual and language functions in children of mothers with epilepsy.  Epilepsia 2007; 48:2234-40  Thomas Language, intelligence, and educational outcomes of adolescents with antenatal exposure to antiseizure medications: Prospective data from the Kerala Registry of epilepsy and pregnancy.  Seizure 2022; 100:76-81  
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                    Thomas b (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2022
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                     Bhaskaran Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Children with Antenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications.  Indian J Pediatr 2025; 92:252-259  Thomas Motor and mental development of infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero.  Epilepsy Behav 2008; 13:229-36  Thomas, S.V. Differential impact of antenatal exposure to antiseizure medications on motor and mental development in infants of women with epilepsy  Epileptic Disord. 2022; 24:531-.  
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                    Thomas b (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022
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                     Bhaskaran Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Children with Antenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications.  Indian J Pediatr 2025; 92:252-259  Thomas Motor and mental development of infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero.  Epilepsy Behav 2008; 13:229-36  Thomas, S.V. Differential impact of antenatal exposure to antiseizure medications on motor and mental development in infants of women with epilepsy  Epileptic Disord. 2022; 24:531-.  
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                    Titze (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2008
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                     Titze Prenatal and family risks of children born to mothers with epilepsy: effects on cognitive development.  Dev Med Child Neurol 2008; 50:117-22  
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                    Titze (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008
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                     Titze Prenatal and family risks of children born to mothers with epilepsy: effects on cognitive development.  Dev Med Child Neurol 2008; 50:117-22  
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                    Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2018
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                     Martínez Ferri Comparative study of antiepileptic drug use during pregnancy over a period of 12 years in Spain. Efficacy of the newer antiepileptic drugs lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and oxcarbazepine.  Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2018; 33:78-84  Martínez Ferri [Malformations and fetal death in the Spanish antiepileptic drug and pregnancy registry: results at 6 years].  Neurologia 2009; 24:360-5  Tomson Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry.  Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:530-538  Tomson Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry.  Lancet Neurol 2011; 10:609-17  
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                    Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015
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                     Tomson Antiepileptic drugs and intrauterine death: A prospective observational study from EURAP.  Neurology 2015; 85:580-8  
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                    Trivedi (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018
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                     Trivedi Spontaneous fetal loss in women with epilepsy: prospective data from pregnancy registry in India.  Epilepsy Res 2018; 146:50-53  
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                    Trivedi (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018
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                     Trivedi Spontaneous fetal loss in women with epilepsy: prospective data from pregnancy registry in India.  Epilepsy Res 2018; 146:50-53  
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                    Vajda (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2013
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                     Vajda Antiepileptic drugs and foetal malformation: analysis of 20 years of data in a pregnancy register.  Seizure 2019; 65:6-11  Vajda Associations between particular types of fetal malformation and antiepileptic drug exposure in utero.  Acta Neurol. Scand. 2013; 128:228-34  
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                    Vajda (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013
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                     Vajda Associations between particular types of fetal malformation and antiepileptic drug exposure in utero.  Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 128:228-34  Vajda Antiepileptic drugs and foetal malformation: analysis of 20 years of data in a pregnancy register.  Seizure 2019; 65:6-11  
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                    Vajda a (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Epilepsy), 2024
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                     Vajda Pregnancy, antiseizure medications and unexplained intrauterine foetal death.  Epilepsy Behav 2024; 153:109724  Vajda Anti-epileptic drug exposure and risk of foetal death in utero.  Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:20-23  
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                    Vajda a (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed sick) (Epilepsy), 2024
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                     Vajda Pregnancy, antiseizure medications and unexplained intrauterine foetal death.  Epilepsy Behav 2024; 153:109724  Vajda Anti-epileptic drug exposure and risk of foetal death in utero.  Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:20-23  
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                    Vajda b (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2024
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                    Vajda b (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024
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                     Vajda Teratogenicity of the newer antiepileptic drugs--the Australian experience.  J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:57-9  Vajda Is lamotrigine a significant human teratogen? Observations from the Australian Pregnancy Register.  Seizure 2010; 19:558-61  Vajda The prescribing of antiepileptic drugs for pregnant Australian women.  Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 52:49-53  Vajda Associations between particular types of fetal malformation and antiepileptic drug exposure in utero.  Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 128:228-34  Vajda The teratogenic risk of antiepileptic drug polytherapy.  Epilepsia 2010; 51:805-10  Vajda The Australian Register of Antiepileptic Drugs in Pregnancy: the first 1002 pregnancies.  Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 47:468-74  Vajda Antiepileptic drugs and foetal malformation: analysis of 20 years of data in a pregnancy register.  Seizure 2019; 65:6-11  Vajda The teratogenicity of the newer antiepileptic drugs - an update.  Acta Neurol Scand 2014; 130:234-8  Vajda The teratogenesis risk associated with antiseizure medication duotherapy in women with epilepsy.  Epilepsy Res 2024; 200:107316  
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                    Van der Pol (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991
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                     van der Pol Antiepileptic medication in pregnancy: late effects on the children's central nervous system development.  Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164:121-8  
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                    Van der Pol (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991
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                     van der Pol Antiepileptic medication in pregnancy: late effects on the children's central nervous system development.  Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164:121-8  
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                    Vanya (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2015
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                     Vanya EFFECTS OF MATERNAL EPILEPSY AND ANTIEPILEPTIC THERAPY IN WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY.  Ideggyogy Sz 2015; 68:105-12  
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                    Vanya (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015
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                     Vanya EFFECTS OF MATERNAL EPILEPSY AND ANTIEPILEPTIC THERAPY IN WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY.  Ideggyogy Sz 2015; 68:105-12  
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                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014
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                     Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  
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                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) a, 2013
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                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  Veiby Early child development and exposure to antiepileptic drugs prenatally and through breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study on children of women with epilepsy.  JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:1367-74  
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                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) b, 2013
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                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  Farmen Intrauterine growth retardation in foetuses of women with epilepsy.  Seizure 2015; 28:76-80  Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  Veiby Exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero and child development: a prospective population-based study.  Epilepsia 2013; 54:1462-72  
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                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Mixed indications), 2014
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                     Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  
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                | 
                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free) a, 2013
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                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  Veiby Early child development and exposure to antiepileptic drugs prenatally and through breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study on children of women with epilepsy.  JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:1367-74  
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                | 
                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free) b, 2013
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                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  Farmen Intrauterine growth retardation in foetuses of women with epilepsy.  Seizure 2015; 28:76-80  Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  Veiby Exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero and child development: a prospective population-based study.  Epilepsia 2013; 54:1462-72  
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                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014
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                     Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  
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                | 
                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2013
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                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  Veiby Early child development and exposure to antiepileptic drugs prenatally and through breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study on children of women with epilepsy.  JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:1367-74  
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                    Veiby (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013
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                     Bjørk Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero.  JAMA Neurol 2018; 75:160-168  Farmen Intrauterine growth retardation in foetuses of women with epilepsy.  Seizure 2015; 28:76-80  Veiby Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  J Neurol 2014; 261:579-88  Veiby Exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero and child development: a prospective population-based study.  Epilepsia 2013; 54:1462-72  
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                    Videman (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016
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                     Videman Evidence for spared attention to faces in 7-month-old infants after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs.  Epilepsy Behav 2016; 64:62-68  
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                    Videman (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016
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                     Videman Evidence for spared attention to faces in 7-month-old infants after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs.  Epilepsy Behav 2016; 64:62-68  
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                    Viinikainen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free) a, 2006
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                     Viinikainen Community-based, prospective, controlled study of obstetric and neonatal outcome of 179 pregnancies in women with epilepsy.  Epilepsia 2006; 47:186-92  
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                    Viinikainen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006
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                     Viinikainen Community-based, prospective, controlled study of obstetric and neonatal outcome of 179 pregnancies in women with epilepsy.  Epilepsia 2006; 47:186-92  
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                    Viinikainen (Carbamazepine) b, 2006
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                     Viinikainen The effects of valproate exposure in utero on behavior and the need for educational support in school-aged children.  Epilepsy Behav 2006; 9:636-40  
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                    Vinten (Carbamazepine), 2005
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                    Waters (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1994
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                     Waters Outcomes of pregnancy associated with antiepileptic drugs.  Arch Neurol 1994; 51:250-3  
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                    Waters (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1994
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                     Waters Outcomes of pregnancy associated with antiepileptic drugs.  Arch Neurol 1994; 51:250-3  
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                | 
                    Wide (Carbamazepine), 2000
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                     Wide Psychomotor development and minor anomalies in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero: a prospective population-based study.  Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42:87-92  
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                    Wiggs (Epilepsy) (Carbamazepine), 2024
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                     Wiggs Specific Birth Defects Following Antiseizure Medications Used By Pregnant Women With Epilepsy.  Neurol Clin Pract 2024; 14:e200289  
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                    Wood (Carbamazepine), 2015
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                     Nadebaum Language skills of school-aged children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs.  Neurology 2011; 76:719-26  Wood Prospective assessment of autism traits in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.  Epilepsia 2015; 56:1047-55  
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                    Yerby (Carbamazepine), 1992
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                     Yerby Antiepileptics and the development of congenital anomalies.  Neurology 1992; 42:132-40  
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