Hydrochlorothiazide (versus unexposed) - Medication and Pregnancy KB

Hydrochlorothiazide (versus unexposed)

Exposed non-exposed, cohort studies

Study	Country Study period Study design	Data source	Exposure definition	Non-exposure definition	Exposition period	Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control)	Remarks	Risk of bias
Mabie 1986	USA 1980 - 1984 prospective cohort	The Tulane Obstetrical Service of Charity Hospital at New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.	Pregnant women with chronic hypertension treated with Hydrochlorothiazide only.	unexposed, sick Pregnant women with chronic hypertension without treatment.	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	10 / 82	Data on Hydrochlorothiazide only reported rather than co-administration Methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide.
Mabie 1986	USA 1980 - 1984 prospective cohort		Not specified (study conducted in a department of obstetrics and gynecology but the source of exposure data, not clearly specified).		during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	10 / 82

Case-control studies

Study	Country Study period Study design	Data source	Case	Control	Exposition	Exposition period	Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control)	Remarks	Risk of bias
Medveczky 2004	Hungary 1980 - 1996 case control	The Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA).	Newborn infants (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses) with Neural tube defects with non-syndromic (i.e. isolated anencephaly, spina bifida aperta/cystica, encephalocele).	Newborn infants (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses) without congenital abnormalities.	Exposure data collected from 3 sources: a post-paid structured questionnaire sent to the parents requesting drugs taken during pregnancy, according to gestational months; maternal prenatal care logbook (in which obstetricians must record all prescribed drugs); nurses visited non-responding families.	1st trimester	1202 / 38151	Study design completed with other studies published on the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA).
Medveczky 2004	Hungary 1980 - 1996 case control		The Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry (HCAR), in which notification by physicians of cases with Congenital anomalies is mandatory (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses). Controls were selected from the National Birth Registry of the Central Statistical Office.			1st trimester	1202 / 38151
Van Zutphen 2014	USA 1997 - 2009 case control	The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, USA.	All cases (liveborn, stillborn after 20 weeks gestation, or induced abortions) with severe hypospadias (ie, subcoronal or penile, scrotal, or perineal meatal opening) diagnosed at the time of physical examination, surgery, or autopsy.	Male live births without birth defects randomly selected from birth certificates or hospital discharge listings in the same population as the case neonates.	Antihypertensive medication use were collected by trained interviewers who conducted maternal telephone interviews within 24 months of delivery.	early pregnancy	2131 / 5129	Mothers reporting antihypertensive medications for the treatment of other indications (eg, b-blockers for migraine headaches) were excluded from the analyses.
Van Zutphen 2014	USA 1997 - 2009 case control	The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, USA.	Data were abstracted from medical record, birth certificates or hospital discharge records. To confirm cases, clinical geneticists reviewed data, including consultations (urology, endocrinology, and genetic), reports (operative, pathology, and autopsy), and radiographic results.			early pregnancy	2131 / 5129
Vermes 2015	Hungary 1980 - 1996 case control	The Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA).	Newborn infants (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses) with isolated Oesophageal Atresia.	Newborn infants (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses) without congenital abnormalities.	Exposure data collected from 3 sources: a post-paid structured questionnaire sent to the parents requesting drugs taken during pregnancy, according to gestational months; maternal prenatal care logbook (in which obstetricians must record all prescribed drugs); nurses visited non-responding families.	1st trimester, during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	221 / 356	Study design completed with other studies published on the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA). Cases with multiple/syndromic Oesophageal Atresia were excluded from the study.
Vermes 2015	Hungary 1980 - 1996 case control		The Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry (HCAR), in which notification by physicians of cases with Congenital anomalies is mandatory (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses). Controls were selected from the National Birth Registry of the Central Statistical Office.			1st trimester, during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	221 / 356

Risk of bias: : NA; : low; : moderate; : serious; : critical; : unclear;

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