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Gabapentin (Epilepsy)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Dean (Gabapentin), 2002 Morrow (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 Mawer (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 Vajda (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Battino, 2024
5
1.31
[
0.41
; 4.22]
133
85
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Dean (Gabapentin), 2002 Morrow (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 Mawer (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 Vajda (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Battino, 2024
5
1.44
[
0.45
; 4.66]
128
85
serious
Congenital heart defects
Morrow (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006
1
5.36
[
0.58
; 49.42]
5
31
not evaluable
Atrial septal defect
0
-
-
-
-
-
Digestive system anomalies
Morrow (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006
1
3.01
[
0.15
; 59.66]
3
31
not evaluable
Eye defects
Dean (Gabapentin), 2002
1
4.85
[
0.09
; 267.23]
6
1
not evaluable
Hypospadias
Morrow (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006
1
1.62
[
0.09
; 29.34]
6
31
not evaluable
Limb defects
Morrow (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006
1
4.23
[
0.20
; 89.96]
2
31
not evaluable
Minor congenital malformations
Dean (Gabapentin), 2002
1
5.91
[
0.11
; 330.07]
5
1
not evaluable
Neural Tube Defects
Morrow (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006
1
7.05
[
0.28
; 176.78]
1
31
not evaluable
Oro-facial clefts
Morrow (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006
1
7.05
[
0.28
; 176.78]
1
31
not evaluable
Growth parameters and prematurity
Preterm (< 37 weeks)
Arkilo (Gabapentin), 2015 Miškov (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016
2
10.63
[
0.54
; 209.24]
4
3
not evaluable
Low birth weight (< 2500g)
Christensen (Gabapentin) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024
1
1.04
[
0.50
; 2.15]
1,014
138
not evaluable
Small for gestational age (weight)
Christensen (Gabapentin) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024
1
0.91
[
0.52
; 1.58]
2,431
138
not evaluable
Neonatal disorders
Withdrawal syndrome / Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Poor neonatal adaptation
0
-
-
-
-
-
Intrauterine deaths
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)
Arkilo (Gabapentin), 2015 Miškov (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Vajda (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018
3
4.41
[
0.49
; 39.98]
3
17
not evaluable
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions
Arkilo (Gabapentin), 2015 Miškov (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016
2
4.64
[
0.23
; 93.20]
2
3
not evaluable
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy
Miškov (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016
1
2.33
[
0.03
; 182.92]
-
2
not evaluable
Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy
Miškov (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016
1
2.33
[
0.03
; 182.92]
-
2
not evaluable
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths
Arkilo (Gabapentin), 2015
1
47.00
[
0.38
; 5814.69]
-
1
not evaluable
Neuro-developmental disorders
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk
Bromley (Gabapentin), 2016 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024
3
1.32
[
0.68
; 2.55]
972
75
not evaluable
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis
Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024
2
1.71
[
0.74
; 3.98]
972
61
not evaluable
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis
Wood (Gabapentin), 2015 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024
3
1.30
[
0.30
; 5.66]
485
62
not evaluable
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk
Wood (Gabapentin), 2015 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024
3
1.30
[
0.30
; 5.66]
485
62
not evaluable
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)
Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024
2
2.30
[
0.18
; 29.32]
207
61
not evaluable
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)
Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024
2
2.30
[
0.18
; 29.32]
207
61
not evaluable
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)
Dean (Gabapentin), 2002 Arkilo (Gabapentin), 2015
2
7.99
[
0.44
; 143.69]
6
2
not evaluable
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Risk
Bromley (Gabapentin), 2016
1
0.87
[
0.30
; 2.52]
-
14
not evaluable
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Risk
Wood (Gabapentin), 2015
1
17.00
[
0.13
; 2166.90]
-
1
not evaluable
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)
Bromley (Gabapentin), 2016
1
1.33
[
0.13
; 13.89]
4
14
not evaluable
Language disorders/delay
Bromley (Gabapentin), 2016
1
0.98
[
0.10
; 9.53]
5
14
not evaluable
0.0
100.0
1.0
