Gabapentin (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.31 [0.41, 4.22]0%5 studies13385not evaluable ROB-
Major congenital malformations1.44 [0.45, 4.66]0%5 studies12885serious ROB-
Congenital heart defects5.36 [0.58, 49.42]-1 study531not evaluable ROB-
Atrial septal defect--0 study-
Digestive system anomalies3.01 [0.15, 59.66]-1 study331not evaluable ROB-
Eye defects4.85 [0.09, 267.23]-1 study61not evaluable ROB-
Hypospadias1.62 [0.09, 29.34]-1 study631not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects4.23 [0.20, 89.96]-1 study231not evaluable ROB-
Minor congenital malformations5.91 [0.11, 330.07]-1 study51not evaluable ROB-
Neural Tube Defects7.05 [0.28, 176.78]-1 study131not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts7.05 [0.28, 176.78]-1 study131not evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)10.63 [0.54, 209.24]0%2 studies43not evaluable ROB-
Low birth weight (< 2500g)1.04 [0.50, 2.15]-1 study1,014138not evaluable ROB-
Small for gestational age (weight)0.91 [0.52, 1.58]-1 study2,431138not evaluable ROB-

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Withdrawal syndrome / Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Poor neonatal adaptation--0 study-

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)4.41 [0.49, 39.98]0%3 studies317not evaluable ROB-
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions4.64 [0.23, 93.20]0%2 studies23not evaluable ROB-
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy2.33 [0.03, 182.92]-1 study2not evaluable ROB-
Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy2.33 [0.03, 182.92]-1 study2not evaluable ROB-
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths47.00 [0.38, 5814.69]-1 study1not evaluable ROB-

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk1.32 [0.68, 2.55]0%3 studies97275not evaluable ROB-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis1.71 [0.74, 3.98]0%2 studies97261not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis1.30 [0.30, 5.66]0%3 studies62not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk1.30 [0.30, 5.66]0%3 studies62not evaluable ROB-
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)2.30 [0.18, 29.32]38%2 studies20761not evaluable ROB-
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)2.30 [0.18, 29.32]38%2 studies20761not evaluable ROB-
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)7.99 [0.44, 143.69]0%2 studies62not evaluable ROB-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Risk0.87 [0.30, 2.52]-1 study14not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Risk17.00 [0.13, 2166.90]-1 study1not evaluable ROB-
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)1.33 [0.13, 13.89]-1 study414not evaluable ROB-
Language disorders/delay0.98 [0.10, 9.53]-1 study514not evaluable ROB-

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