Beta-blockers (Ocular route only) (versus unexposed)

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 21.20[0.36; 4.01]5553not evaluable Major congenital malformations Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 21.20[0.36; 4.01]5553not evaluable Growth parameters and prematurity Low birth weight (< 2500g) Ho - Beta-blockers, 2009 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 41.36[0.83; 2.21]203286not evaluable Preterm (< 37 weeks) Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 30.69[0.20; 2.36]47103not evaluable Maternal consequences Caesarean Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 22.90[1.29; 6.50]10372not evaluable Gestational diabetes Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 12.80[0.69; 11.27]1127not evaluable Preeclampsia Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 11.40[0.16; 12.46]627not evaluable Neonatal disorders Neonatal medical care Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 22.02[0.24; 17.03]970not evaluable Neonatal death (< 28 days of life) Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 17.04[0.14; 362.25]-27not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 21.99[0.62; 6.38]1882not evaluable Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 23.72[0.06; 246.38]782not evaluable Elective/induced termination of pregnancy Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 10.99[0.05; 19.69]327not evaluable0.0100.01.0