Beta-blockers (Ocular route only) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.20 [0.36, 4.01]0%2 studies5553not evaluable ROB-
Major congenital malformations1.20 [0.36, 4.01]0%2 studies5553not evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Low birth weight (< 2500g)1.36 [0.83, 2.21]0%4 studies203286not evaluable ROB-
Preterm (< 37 weeks)0.69 [0.20, 2.36]0%3 studies47103not evaluable ROB-

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Caesarean2.90 [1.29, 6.50]0%2 studies10372not evaluable ROB5.24 [1.90; .]
Gestational diabetes2.80 [0.69, 11.27]-1 study1127not evaluable ROB-
Preeclampsia1.40 [0.16, 12.46]-1 study627not evaluable ROB-

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Neonatal medical care2.02 [0.24, 17.03]44%2 studies970not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal death (< 28 days of life)7.04 [0.14, 362.25]-1 study27not evaluable ROB-

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions1.99 [0.62, 6.38]0%2 studies1882not evaluable ROB-
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths3.72 [0.06, 246.38]82%2 studies782not evaluable ROB-
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy0.99 [0.05, 19.69]-1 study327not evaluable ROB-

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