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Amlodipine (versus unexposed)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Weber-Schoendorfer, 2008 Mito, 2019 Ishikawa (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023
3
1.42
[
0.69
; 2.93]
119
124
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Weber-Schoendorfer, 2008 Mito, 2019 Ishikawa (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023
3
1.46
[
0.68
; 3.15]
99
124
not evaluable
Limb defects
Weber-Schoendorfer, 2008
1
3.26
[
0.16
; 64.54]
3
32
not evaluable
Growth parameters and prematurity
Preterm (< 37 weeks)
Weber-Schoendorfer, 2008 Mito, 2019
2
1.52
[
0.21
; 10.83]
105
79
not evaluable
Low birth weight (< 2500g)
Mito, 2019
1
0.54
[
0.26
; 1.15]
61
48
not evaluable
Maternal consequences
Gestational diabetes
Mito, 2019
1
0.29
[
0.08
; 1.02]
27
48
not evaluable
Preeclampsia
Mito, 2019
1
0.91
[
0.45
; 1.85]
58
48
not evaluable
Intrauterine deaths
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)
Weber-Schoendorfer, 2008
1
1.96
[
0.73
; 5.23]
64
36
not evaluable
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy
Weber-Schoendorfer, 2008
1
1.44
[
0.33
; 6.25]
32
38
not evaluable
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)
Weber-Schoendorfer, 2008
1
3.67
[
0.43
; 31.29]
7
36
not evaluable
0.0
100.0
1.0
