Verapamil (versus unexposed)

Study	Country Study period	Population source	Exposure definition	Non-exposure definition	Sample size	Rmk
Weber-Schoendorfer, 2008	Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands. 1986 - 2003	Pregnant women who or whose physician contacted a Teratology Information Service (TIS) in regard to exposure to chemicals or drugs during pregnancy.	Pregnant women with first- trimester exposure to Verapamil.	unexposed (general population or NOS) Pregnant women who had been counseled during pregnancy about exposures known to be non-teratogenic.	62 / 806

Study	Country Study period	Case	Control	Sample size	Rmk
Medveczky, 2004	Hungary 1980 - 1996	Newborn infants (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses) with Neural tube defects with non-syndromic (i.e. isolated anencephaly, spina bifida aperta/cystica, encephalocele).	Newborn infants (including infant deaths and usual stillborn fetuses) without congenital abnormalities.	1202 / 38151	Study design completed with other studies published on the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA).