Metoprolol (versus unexposed) - Medication and Pregnancy KB

Metoprolol (versus unexposed)

Exposed non-exposed studies (cohort)

Study	Country Study period	Population source	Exposure definition	Non-exposure definition	Sample size	Rmk
Albertini, 2023	Canada 2012 - 2021	Pregnant women with long QT syndrome (LQTS), followed during pregnancy in the tertiary Pregnancy and Heart Disease Program at the University of Toronto.	Babies born to mothers with long QT syndrome who had taken Metoprolol during pregnancy.	unexposed, sick Babies born to mothers with long QT syndrome who had not taken beta-blockers during pregnancy.	16 / 7
Bateman, 2016	USA 2003 - 2007	Women who were continuously eligible for Medicaid from 5 months after the Last menstrual period through 1 month postpartum.	Maternal consumption of Metoprolol at the time of delivery, i.e prescriptions that were filled between 5 months after the last menstrual period and the day of delivery.	unexposed, sick Pregnant patients without any β blocker exposure at the time of delivery, notably matched on the preexisting hypertension.	1484 / 4452
Delteil, 2024	France 2004 - 2021	Pregnancies with a known outcome between July 2004 and December 2021 in Haute-Garonne, included in the EFEMERIS database.	Pregnancies with at least one dispensed prescription of Metoprolol during pregnancy (between last menstrual period and delivery).	unexposed (general population or NOS) Pregnancies without dispensed prescription of beta-blockers and other anti-hypertensive agents during pregnancy.	65 / 172284	When available, data in women with chronic pathology (hypertension or cardiac), treated at least during the 1st trimester were preferred to all indications (including gestational hypertension, ...). Exposure at least T1 considered as chronic indications.
Duan, 2018	USA 2003 - 2014	All singleton births in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) Region during the study period, with at least 1‐year enrollment of the Kaiser Permanente Health Plan within the year prior to the estimated date of delivery.	Pregnant patients that filled a prescription for Metoprolol between their estimated conception date and the date of delivery.	unexposed (general population or NOS) Pregnant women who were not exposed to beta‐blockers at any time during their pregnancy.	324 / 374391	The 4 most prescribed beta‐blockers were labetalol (n = 3357), atenolol (n = 638), propranolol (n = 489), and metoprolol (n = 324). Health plan members have a demographic and socioeconomic profile similar to the overall southern California population.
Tanaka, 2016	Japan 2000 - 2010	Women with singleton pregnancies and with cardiovascular disease who delivered infants at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Osaka, Japan.	Pregnant women with cardiovascular disease treated with Metoprolol for at least 2 weeks before delivery.	unexposed, sick Pregnant women with cardiovascular disease who were not treated with an oral α/β- or β-adrenergic blocker randomly identified over the same period.	12 / 100	Maternal cardiovascular diseases: congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension; aortic disease; valvular heart disease; coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome; cardiomyopathy and heart failure; and arrhythmia.
Vaclavik, 2024	The Czech Republic 2012 - 2022	All births and abortions in the period 2012 - 2022 in the Czech Republic.	Births whose mothers were prescribed Metoprolol during pregnancy (for pre-existing hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension).	unexposed, disease free Births whose mothers had no hypertension.	-9 / -9

Case-control studies (cohort)

Study	Country Study period	Case	Control	Sample size	Rmk
Puho, 2007	Hungary 1980–1996	Cases with isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and posterior cleft palate (PCP).	Newborn infants without congenital abnormalities	1975 / 38151
Van Zutphen, 2014	USA 1997 - 2009	All cases (liveborn, stillborn after 20 weeks gestation, or induced abortions) with severe hypospadias (ie, subcoronal or penile, scrotal, or perineal meatal opening) diagnosed at the time of physical examination, surgery, or autopsy.	Male live births without birth defects randomly selected from birth certificates or hospital discharge listings in the same population as the case neonates.	2131 / 5129	Mothers reporting antihypertensive medications for the treatment of other indications (eg, b-blockers for migraine headaches) were excluded from the analyses.

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