Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed)

Study Reference
Al Khalaf - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2022

Al Khalaf Role of Antihypertensive Treatment and Blood Pressure Control in the Occurrence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Population-Based Study of Linked Electronic Health Records. Hypertension 2022; 79:1548-1558

Al Khalaf - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022

Al Khalaf Role of Antihypertensive Treatment and Blood Pressure Control in the Occurrence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Population-Based Study of Linked Electronic Health Records. Hypertension 2022; 79:1548-1558

Albertini - Beta-blockers, 2023

Albertini Assessment of Severity of Long QT Syndrome Phenotype and Risk of Fetal Death. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029407

Baard - Beta-blockers, 2020

Baard The effect of beta-blockers on foetal birth weight in pregnancies in women with structural heart disease: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc J Afr 2020; 31:136-141

Bateman - Beta-blockers, 2016

Bateman Late Pregnancy Beta Blocker Exposure and Risks of Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Bradycardia. Pediatrics 2016; 138:

Bateman_Nordic - Beta-blockers, 2018

Bateman Beta-Blocker Use in Pregnancy and the Risk for Congenital Malformations: An International Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:665-673

Bateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018

Bateman Beta-Blocker Use in Pregnancy and the Risk for Congenital Malformations: An International Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:665-673

Bayliss - Atenolol, 2002

Bayliss Anti-hypertensive drugs in pregnancy and fetal growth: evidence for 'pharmacological programming' in the first trimester? Hypertens Pregnancy 2002; 21:161-74

Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018

Bergman Beta-Blocker Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Specific Congenital Anomalies: A European Case-Malformed Control Study. Drug Saf 2018; 41:415-427

Caton - Beta-blockers, 2009

Caton Antihypertensive medication use during pregnancy and the risk of cardiovascular malformations. Hypertension 2009; 54:63-70

Cedergren - Beta-blockers, 2002

Cedergren Risk factors for cardiovascular malformation--a study based on prospectively collected data. Scand J Work Environ Health 2002; 28:12-7

Chan - Labetalol, 2010

Chan WS Neurocognitive development of children following in-utero exposure to labetalol for maternal hypertension: a cohort study using a prospectively collected database. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010;29:271-83

Cruickshank - Labetalol, 1990

Cruickshank Atenolol in essential hypertension during pregnancy. BMJ 1990; 301:1103

Cruickshank - Labetalol, 1991

Cruickshank Maternal Obstetric Outcome Measures in A Randomised Controlled Study of Labetalol in the Treatment of Hypertension in Pregnancy, Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. Part B: Hypertension in Pregnancy, 1991, 10:3, 333-344.

Darcie - Atenolol, 2004

Darcie Glycemia in newborns of hypertensive mothers according to maternal treatment. Rev. Hosp Clin. 2004, 59, 244–250

Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024

Delteil Beta-blockers and pregnancy - An EFEMERIS study Scientific report. 2024: 1-67.

Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017

Duan ?-Blocker Exposure in Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Cardiac Anomalies. JAMA Intern Med 2017; 177:885-887

Duan - Beta-blockers, 2018

Duan Beta-blocker subtypes and risk of low birth weight in newborns. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:1603-1609

Ersboll - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014

Ersboll Treatment with oral beta-blockers during pregnancy complicated by maternal heart disease increases the risk of fetal growth restriction. BJOG 2014; 121:618-26

Ersboll - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014

Ersboll Treatment with oral beta-blockers during pregnancy complicated by maternal heart disease increases the risk of fetal growth restriction. BJOG 2014; 121:618-26

Fidler - Oxprenolol, 1983

Fidler Randomised controlled comparative study of methyldopa and oxprenolol in treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983; 286:1927-30

Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017

Fisher Maternal Antihypertensive Medication Use and Congenital Heart Defects: Updated Results From the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Hypertension 2017; 69:798-805

Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017

Fisher Maternal Antihypertensive Medication Use and Congenital Heart Defects: Updated Results From the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Hypertension 2017; 69:798-805

Fisher a - Beta-blockers, 2018

Fisher Maternal antihypertensive medication use and selected birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:1433-1442

Fisher b - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2018

Fisher Maternal Hypertension, Antihypertensive Medication Use, and Small for Gestational Age Births in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:237-246

Fisher b - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018

Fisher Maternal Hypertension, Antihypertensive Medication Use, and Small for Gestational Age Births in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:237-246

Fitton - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020

Fitton In Utero Antihypertensive Medication Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes: A Data Linkage Cohort Study. Hypertension 2020; 75:628-633

Fitton - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021

Fitton Congenital defects and early childhood outcomes following in-utero exposure to antihypertensive medication. J Hypertens 2021; 39:581-588

Fitton - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020

Fitton In Utero Antihypertensive Medication Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes: A Data Linkage Cohort Study. Hypertension 2020; 75:628-633

Fitton - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021

Fitton Congenital defects and early childhood outcomes following in-utero exposure to antihypertensive medication. J Hypertens 2021; 39:581-588

Gandjbakhch - Beta-blockers, 2018

Gandjbakhch Pregnancy and newborn outcomes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:172-178

Hoeltzenbein c - Bisoprolol, 2018

Hoeltzenbein Pregnancy outcome after first trimester exposure to bisoprolol: an observational cohort study. J Hypertens 2018; 36:2109-2117

Ishibashi - Beta-blockers, 2017

Ishibashi Arrhythmia risk and ?-blocker therapy in pregnant women with long QT syndrome. Heart 2017; 103:1374-1379

Kayser - Metoprolol/bisoprolol, 2020

Kayser Neonatal effects of intrauterine metoprolol/bisoprolol exposure during the second and third trimester: a cohort study with two comparison groups. J Hypertens 2020; 38:354-361

Kubota - Beta-blockers, 2023

Kubota Alpha/Beta- and Beta-Blocker Exposure in Pregnancy and the Risk of Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Small for Gestational Age. Circ J 2023; 87:569-577

Kumar - Beta-blockers, 2020

Kumar Impact of Maternal HbA1c Levels <=6% and Race in Nondiabetic Pregnancies on Birthweight and Early Neonatal Hypoglycemia. J Pediatr 2020; 227:121-127.e3

Lennestal - Beta-blockers, 2009

Lennestal Maternal use of antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably the presence of congenital heart defects in the infants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 65:615-25

Lieberman - Propranolol, 1978

Lieberman The possible adverse effect of propranolol on the fetus in pregnancies complicated by severe hypertension. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1978; 85:678-83

Lydakis - Atenolol, 1999

Lydakis Atenolol and fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12:541-7

Mazkereth - Beta-blockers, 2019

Mazkereth Short-Term Neonatal Outcome among Term Infants after In-Utero Exposure to Beta Blockers. Isr Med Assoc J 2019; 21:724-727

Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004

Medveczky The use of drugs in mothers of offspring with neural-tube defects. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004; 13:443-55

Nakhai-Pour - Beta-blockers, 2010

Nakhai-Pour Antihypertensive medication use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations or small-for-gestational-age newborns. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 2010; 89:147-54

Orbach - Atenolol, 2013

Orbach Hypertension and antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:301.e1-6

Petersen - Beta-blockers, 2012

Petersen Beta-Blocker treatment during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2012; 2:

Puho - Metoprolol, 2007

Puho Drug treatment during pregnancy and isolated orofacial clefts in hungary. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2007; 44:194-202

Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007

Puho Drug treatment during pregnancy and isolated orofacial clefts in hungary. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2007; 44:194-202

Queisser-Luft - Beta-blockers, 1996

Queisser-Luft Serial examination of 20,248 newborn fetuses and infants: correlations between drug exposure and major malformations. Am J Med Genet 1996; 63:268-76

Ray - Beta-blockers, 2001

Ray Use of antihypertensive medications in pregnancy and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: McMaster Outcome Study of Hypertension In Pregnancy 2 (MOS HIP 2). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2001; 1:6

Rosenfeld - Pindolol, 1986

Rosenfeld Treatment of hypertension during pregnancy with hydralazine monotherapy or with combined therapy with hydralazine and pindolol. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1986; 22:197-204

Sibai - Labetalol, 1990

Sibai A comparison of no medication versus methyldopa or labetalol in chronic hypertension during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162:960-6; discussion 966-7

Su - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2013

Su Pregnancy outcomes of anti-hypertensives for women with chronic hypertension: a population-based study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53844

Su - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick) , 2013

Su Pregnancy outcomes of anti-hypertensives for women with chronic hypertension: a population-based study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53844

Syvanen - Beta-blockers, 2021

Syvanen Risk Factors and Prevalence of Limb Deficiencies Associated With Amniotic Band Sequence: A Population-based Case-control Study. J Pediatr Orthop 2021; 41:e94-e97

Tanaka - Beta-blockers, 2016

Tanaka Beta-Blockers and Fetal Growth Restriction in Pregnant Women With Cardiovascular Disease. Circ J 2016; 80:2221-6

Thewissen - Labetalol (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017

Thewissen Neonatal haemodynamic effects following foetal exposure to labetalol in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30:1533-1538

Thewissen - Labetalol (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017

Thewissen Neonatal haemodynamic effects following foetal exposure to labetalol in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30:1533-1538

Vaclavik - Beta-blockers, 2024

Vaclavik, J. MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES OF VARIOUS ANTIHYPERTENSIVE TREATMENT REGIMENS DURING PREGNANCY: INSIGHTS FROM THE CZECH NATIONAL REGISTRY 2012-2022 Int. J. Hypertens. 2024; 42:e10-.

Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014

Caton Maternal hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and the risk of severe hypospadias. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2008; 82:34-40

Van Zutphen AR Maternal hypertension, medication use, and hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Obstet Gynecol 2014;123:309-17

Vasilakis-Scaramozza - Beta-blockers, 2013

Vasilakis-Scaramozza Antihypertensive drugs and the risk of congenital anomalies. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 33:476-82

Xiang - Labetalol, 2020

Xiang Treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension compared with labetalol, low dose aspirin and placebo. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:9-13

Yassen - Acebutolol, 1992

Yassen [Hemodynamic and renal adaptation of newborn infants of hypertensive mothers treated with acebutolol]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1992; 49:351-5