| Study | 
                Reference | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Abd Rahman, 2020
                 | 
                
                     Abd Rahman New Benefits of Hydroxychloroquine in Pregnant Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Centre.  Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2020; 42:705-711  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Al Arfaj, 2010
                 | 
                
                     Al Arfaj Pregnancy outcome in 396 pregnancies in patients with SLE in Saudi Arabia.  Lupus 2010; 19:1665-73  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Andersson (Controls exposed to corticosteroides), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Andersson Fetal safety of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use during pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study.  Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2317-2326  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Andersson (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Andersson Fetal safety of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use during pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study.  Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2317-2326  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Andreoli, 2022
                 | 
                
                     Andreoli Long-term Outcome of Children Born to Women with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentre, Nationwide Study on 299 Randomly Selected Individuals.  Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 62:346-353  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Baalbaki, 2020
                 | 
                
                     Baalbaki Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Perinatal Outcomes in Patients Treated With and Without Hydroxychloroquine.  Ochsner J 2020; 20:362-367  Baalbaki, S. Systemic lupus erythematosus: Outcomes in women treated with and without hydroxychloroquine  Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 212:S273-.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Bérard, 2021
                 | 
                
                     Bérard Available medications used as potential therapeutics for COVID-19: What are the known safety profiles in pregnancy.  PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251746  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Braga, 2021
                 | 
                
                     Braga Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy: A retrospective single-center study of 215 pregnancies from Portugal.  Lupus 2021; 30:2165-2175  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Buchanan, 1996
                 | 
                
                     Buchanan Hydroxychloroquine and lupus pregnancy: review of a series of 36 cases.  Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1996; 55:486-8  Khamashta The use of hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy: the British experience.  Lupus 1996; 5 Suppl 1:S65-6  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Canti, 2021
                 | 
                
                     Canti Low incidence of intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus taking hydroxychloroquine.  Immunol Med 2021; 44:204-210  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Chakravarty, 2005
                 | 
                
                     Chakravarty Factors that predict prematurity and preeclampsia in pregnancies that are complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus.  Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2005; 192:1897-904  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Chambers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Chambers Birth Outcomes in Women Who Have Taken Hydroxycholoroquine During Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study.  Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:711-724  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Chambers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Chambers Birth Outcomes in Women Who Have Taken Hydroxycholoroquine During Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study.  Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:711-724  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cimaz, 2007
                 | 
                
                     Cimaz Response to tetanus vaccination in infants exposed in utero to immunosuppressants for maternal autoimmune disorders.  Lupus 2007; 16:129-32  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Clowse, 2006
                 | 
                
                     Clowse Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy.  Arthritis Rheum. 2006; 54:3640-7  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Colvin, 2010
                 | 
                
                     Colvin Linking a pharmaceutical claims database with a birth defects registry to investigate birth defect rates of suspected teratogens.  Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19:1137-50  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cooper (controls exposed to TNF-I), 2014
                 | 
                
                     Cooper Brief report: Risk of adverse fetal outcomes associated with immunosuppressive medications for chronic immune-mediated diseases in pregnancy.   2014; 66:444-50  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014
                 | 
                
                     Cooper Brief report: Risk of adverse fetal outcomes associated with immunosuppressive medications for chronic immune-mediated diseases in pregnancy.   2014; 66:444-50  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Costedoat-Chalumeau, 2003
                 | 
                
                     Costedoat-Chalumeau Safety of hydroxychloroquine in pregnant patients with connective tissue diseases: a study of one hundred thirty-three cases compared with a control group.  Arthritis Rheum. 2003; 48:3207-11  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Diav-Citrin, 2013
                 | 
                
                     Diav-Citrin Pregnancy outcome following in utero exposure to hydroxychloroquine: a prospective comparative observational study.  Reprod. Toxicol. 2013; 39:58-62  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Do, 2020
                 | 
                
                     Do Does Hydroxychloroquine Protect against Preeclampsia and Preterm Delivery in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancies?  Am J Perinatol 2020; :  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Frassi, 2004
                 | 
                
                     Frassi Hydroxychloroquine in pregnant patients with rheumatic disease: a case control observation of 76 treated pregnancies.  Lupus. 2004;13:755.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Gernaat (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Gernaat Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Pregnant Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.  J Rheumatol 2022; 49:465-469  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Gernaat (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022
                 | 
                
                     Gernaat Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Pregnant Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.  J Rheumatol 2022; 49:465-469  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Haase, 2020
                 | 
                
                     Haase, I. Safety and beneficial effects of hydroxychloroquine on pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus  Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2020; 79:1486-.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Haase, 2021
                 | 
                
                     Haase, I. Sle pregnancies at high risk for preeclampsia benefit most from combination of low dose aspirin and hydroxychloroquine  Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2021; 80:1195-.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    He, 2022
                 | 
                
                     He Pregnancy outcomes in Takayasu arteritis patients.  Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 55:152016  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Howley - BDS study, 2021
                 | 
                
                     Howley Maternal exposure to hydroxychloroquine and birth defects.  Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1245-1256  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Howley - NBDPS study, 2021
                 | 
                
                     Howley Maternal exposure to hydroxychloroquine and birth defects.  Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1245-1256  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Howren, 2020
                 | 
                
                     Howren Perinatal exposure to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in women with rheumatic disease and neonatal outcomes: a population-based study.  Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2020; :  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Huybrechts Hydroxychloroquine early in pregnancy and risk of birth defects.  Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:290.e1-290.e22  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021
                 | 
                
                     Huybrechts Hydroxychloroquine early in pregnancy and risk of birth defects.  Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:290.e1-290.e22  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Kiatkongchuchai, 2020
                 | 
                
                     Kiatkongchuchai, P. Factors associated with preeclampsia in SLE patients during pregnancy  Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 2020; 23:300-.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Kroese, 2017
                 | 
                
                     Kroese Hydroxychloroquine Use in Lupus Patients during Pregnancy Is Associated with Longer Pregnancy Duration in Preterm Births.  J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:2810202  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Langen, 2014
                 | 
                
                     Langen High rate of preterm birth in pregnancies complicated by rheumatoid arthritis.  Am J Perinatol 2014; 31:9-14  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Leroux, 2015
                 | 
                
                     Leroux Impact of hydroxychloroquine on preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a descriptive cohort study.  Lupus 2015; 24:1384-91  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Levy, 2001
                 | 
                
                     Levy Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in lupus pregnancy: double-blind and placebo-controlled study.  Lupus 2001; 10:401-4  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Liu, 2021
                 | 
                
                     Liu Effect of hydroxychloroquine on preeclampsia in lupus pregnancies: a propensity score-matched analysis and meta-analysis.  Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 303:435-441  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Louthrenoo, 2021
                 | 
                
                     Louthrenoo Predicting factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A STROBE-compliant study.  Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24553  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Mollerach, 2019
                 | 
                
                     Mollerach Causes of fetal third-degree atrioventricular block and use of hydroxychloroquine in pregnant women with Ro/La antibodies.  Clin. Rheumatol. 2019; 38:2211-2217  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Moroni, 2016
                 | 
                
                     Moroni Fetal outcome and recommendations of pregnancies in lupus nephritis in the 21st century. A prospective multicenter study.  J. Autoimmun. 2016; 74:6-12  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Placais, 2019
                 | 
                
                     Placais Obstetrical morbidity related to anti-SSA antibodies: Data from a French monocentric retrospective study.  Joint Bone Spine 2019; 86:523-524  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Poh, 2020
                 | 
                
                     Poh Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancies.  Ann Acad Med Singap 2020; 49:963-970  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Reynolds, 2022
                 | 
                
                     Reynolds Outcomes of children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus exposed to hydroxychloroquine or azathioprine.  Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; :  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Seo, 2019
                 | 
                
                     Seo Hydroxychloroquine treatment during pregnancy in lupus patients is associated with lower risk of preeclampsia.  Lupus 2019; 28:722-730  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Tang, 2022
                 | 
                
                     Tang The efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine in pregnant patients with IgA nephropathy: A retrospective cohort study.  Nephrology (Carlton) 2022; 27:155-161  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Tincani, 2005
                 | 
                
                     Tincani Pregnancy and autoimmunity: maternal treatment and maternal disease influence on pregnancy outcome.  Autoimmun Rev 2005; 4:423-8  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Viktil (Controls exposed to other treatments), 2012
                 | 
                
                     Viktil Outcomes after anti-rheumatic drug use before and during pregnancy: a cohort study among 150,000 pregnant women and expectant fathers.  Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 41:196-201  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Viktil (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012
                 | 
                
                     Viktil Outcomes after anti-rheumatic drug use before and during pregnancy: a cohort study among 150,000 pregnant women and expectant fathers.  Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 41:196-201  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Vroom (controls exposed to sulfasalazine), 2009
                 | 
                
                     Vroom Drug use in pregnancy: exploring the field of Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in pregnancy  Thesis, DMARDs in pregnancy: birth outcomes after prescribing DMARDs using the GPRD, 2009, 207p.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Vroom (controls unexposed, disease free), 2009
                 | 
                
                     Vroom Drug use in pregnancy: exploring the field of Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in pregnancy  Thesis, DMARDs in pregnancy: birth outcomes after prescribing DMARDs using the GPRD, 2009, 207p.  
                 | 
            
            
            
                | 
                    Zhang, 2022
                 | 
                
                     Zhang Clinical study of factors associated with pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus in the southern China.  Arch Rheumatol 2022; 37:59-66  
                 |