Hydroxychloroquine (All indications except Antiphospholipid Syndrom)

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROB
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.27 [1.02, 1.59]10%15 studies60,0043,373low ROB
Major congenital malformations1.26 [1.01, 1.58]11%11 studies59,9703,296low ROB
Congenital heart defects1.37 [0.75, 2.49]0%3 studies2922,265not evaluable ROB
Digestive system anomalies0.89 [0.45, 1.77]0%2 studies1112,239not evaluable ROB
Genital anomalies2.60 [0.30, 22.70]50%2 studies1362,239not evaluable ROB
Limb defects1.21 [0.64, 2.30]0%2 studies1062,239not evaluable ROB
Oro-facial clefts3.70 [1.55, 8.83]-1 study162,045not evaluable ROB
Urinary malformations0.98 [0.10, 10.01]61%2 studies922,239not evaluable ROB
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age1.85 [1.07, 3.20]-1 study70212not evaluable ROB
Cleft palate--0 study
Hypospadias--0 study
6 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROB
Preterm (< 37 weeks)0.94 [0.72, 1.24]65%25 studies31,2511,913probable ROB
Small for gestational age (weight)0.88 [0.67, 1.17]40%19 studies23,6161,467low ROB
Low birth weight (< 2500g)0.93 [0.53, 1.61]43%5 studies11,757347not evaluable ROB
Very preterm (28 to 32 weeks)0.37 [0.14, 0.92]0%3 studies26131not evaluable ROB
3 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROB
Preeclampsia0.47 [0.28, 0.77]49%16 studies197710critical ROB
Caesarean0.91 [0.64, 1.29]4%4 studies278283not evaluable ROB
Gestational diabetes0.94 [0.57, 1.55]6%3 studies10141not evaluable ROB
Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...)1.05 [0.52, 2.13]0%2 studies35186not evaluable ROB
Maternal death1.43 [0.18, 11.45]0%2 studies388not evaluable ROB
Oligohydramnios0.54 [0.15, 1.96]0%2 studies15118not evaluable ROB
Postpartum hemorrhage2.19 [0.34, 14.03]42%2 studies2365not evaluable ROB
3 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROB
Eye deficiency / Visual abnormality1.19 [0.16, 8.63]0%4 studies205not evaluable ROB
Neonatal death (< 28 days of life)0.93 [0.22, 3.89]0%4 studies8157not evaluable ROB
Neonatal disorders (as a whole)1.13 [0.47, 2.74]33%3 studies54253not evaluable ROB
Fetal distress0.63 [0.33, 1.19]0%3 studies57110not evaluable ROB
Hearing loss / Auditory deficit1.12 [0.11, 11.06]0%3 studies174not evaluable ROB
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min)0.48 [0.17, 1.32]0%3 studies20146not evaluable ROB
Neonatal medical care0.60 [0.35, 1.04]0%3 studies80137not evaluable ROB
Neonatal infections0.92 [0.46, 1.83]0%2 studies50196not evaluable ROB
4 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Long term consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROB
4 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROB
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)0.73 [0.41, 1.30]0%13 studies651,144low ROB
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)1.50 [1.10, 2.04]0%13 studies225903probable ROB
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)1.13 [0.69, 1.85]26%6 studies240362not evaluable ROB
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy2.42 [0.93, 6.29]0%3 studies17435not evaluable ROB
Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy0.53 [0.02, 14.73]56%2 studies3412not evaluable ROB
1 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROB
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)0.47 [0.18, 1.24]0%2 studies28175not evaluable ROB
4 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

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