Diazepam updated on 02-10-2025

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Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Congenital heart defects1.15 [1.03, 1.29]6%7 studies97,38020,029not evaluable ROB1.57 [1.21; .]
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate1.58 [0.92, 2.71]61%6 studies4,309146not evaluable ROB-
Cleft palate0.96 [0.50, 1.83]0%6 studies1,955103not evaluable ROB-
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.18 [0.99, 1.41]75%5 studies209,45620,008not evaluable ROB-
Major congenital malformations1.18 [0.99, 1.41]75%5 studies209,45620,008not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts1.65 [0.28, 9.92]61%3 studies1782,024not evaluable ROB-
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis1.30 [0.18, 9.45]56%3 studies1,08134not evaluable ROB-
Eye defects0.87 [0.16, 4.71]43%2 studies211,159not evaluable ROB-
Neural Tube Defects0.65 [0.20, 2.16]52%3 studies2,16235not evaluable ROB-
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula1.67 [0.60, 4.63]0%3 studies76235not evaluable ROB-
Abdominal wall defects1.84 [0.10, 34.20]-1 study41,159not evaluable ROB-
Atresia or stenosis of other parts of small intestine1.09 [0.41, 2.90]0%2 studies816not evaluable ROB-
Chromosomal abnormalities0.52 [0.07, 3.79]-1 study331,159not evaluable ROB-
Diaphragmatic hernia1.31 [0.35, 4.81]0%2 studies87736not evaluable ROB-
Digestive system anomalies0.47 [0.03, 7.87]-1 study171,159not evaluable ROB-
Ear, face and neck anomalies1.10 [0.06, 19.34]-1 study71,159not evaluable ROB-
Gastroschisis0.77 [0.29, 2.04]0%2 studies1,40019not evaluable ROB-
Genital anomalies0.57 [0.12, 2.65]-1 study881,159not evaluable ROB-
Hydrocephaly1.37 [0.55, 3.39]0%2 studies51319not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects1.42 [0.47, 4.30]-1 study831,159not evaluable ROB-
Limb reduction defects (LRD)2.46 [0.86, 7.03]40%2 studies4216not evaluable ROB-
Nervous system anomalies0.53 [0.07, 3.91]-1 study321,159not evaluable ROB-
Omphalocele0.99 [0.19, 5.16]0%2 studies45135not evaluable ROB-
Respiratory system anomalies0.61 [0.04, 10.32]-1 study131,159not evaluable ROB-
Urinary malformations1.66 [0.72, 3.85]-1 study661,159not evaluable ROB-
Ventricular septal defect0.81 [0.24, 2.79]0%2 studies1,79829not evaluable ROB-
Anophthalmos/micropthalmos1.36 [0.08, 22.57]-1 study23018not evaluable ROB-
Anotia0.94 [0.12, 7.02]-1 study68519not evaluable ROB-
Aortic valve atresia/stenosis0.61 [0.04, 10.15]-1 study51018not evaluable ROB-
Atrial septal defect0.80 [0.28, 2.31]-1 study3,02522not evaluable ROB-
Atrioventricular septal defect3.49 [0.81, 15.08]-1 study36920not evaluable ROB-
Cardiac septal defects0.70 [0.28, 1.76]-1 study4,67323not evaluable ROB-
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus1.00 [0.66, 1.51]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Coarctation of aorta0.56 [0.07, 4.16]-1 study1,15319not evaluable ROB-
Craniosynostosis0.41 [0.05, 3.04]-1 study1,57919not evaluable ROB-
Down syndrom / Trisomy 210.61 [0.13, 2.75]-1 study5216not evaluable ROB-
Ear malformations0.60 [0.19, 1.85]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Hypospadias0.90 [0.59, 1.37]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age--0 study-
Polydactyly1.10 [0.64, 1.91]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Pulmonary valve stenosis1.20 [0.37, 3.84]-1 study1,53221not evaluable ROB-
Spina bifida0.25 [0.02, 4.17]-1 study1,24118not evaluable ROB-
Tetralogy of Fallot1.07 [0.25, 4.62]-1 study1,19620not evaluable ROB-
Transposition of the great vessels1.68 [0.39, 7.24]-1 study76520not evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)1.13 [1.07, 1.20]-1 study228,89113,534not evaluable ROB1.51 [1.33; .]
Small for gestational age (weight)1.25 [1.18, 1.33]-1 study272,10911,021not evaluable ROB1.81 [1.63; .]

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions1.70 [1.21, 2.39]45%3 studies45,219132not evaluable ROB2.79 [1.71; .]
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths1.46 [1.26, 1.69]-1 study26,60313,726not evaluable ROB2.28 [1.83; .]

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