Bupropion (All indications except smoking cessation) updated on 10-20-2025

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.05 [0.60, 1.82]49%5 studies30,7981,626not evaluable ROB-
Major congenital malformations1.05 [0.60, 1.82]49%5 studies30,7981,626not evaluable ROB-
Congenital heart defects1.03 [0.83, 1.28]0%3 studies1,6187,911not evaluable ROB-
Ventricular septal defect1.17 [0.69, 1.97]59%4 studies3,5187,945not evaluable ROB-
Atrial septal defect1.23 [0.66, 2.27]0%2 studies1,14221not evaluable ROB-
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate1.10 [0.59, 2.05]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Cleft palate0.64 [0.23, 1.78]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Coarctation of aorta1.00 [0.41, 2.43]0%2 studies47119not evaluable ROB-
Hypoplastic left heart (HLH/HLHS)2.07 [0.89, 4.79]0%2 studies28120not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects1.13 [0.50, 2.56]0%2 studies101,213not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts0.94 [0.53, 1.66]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis1.69 [0.72, 3.98]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Atrioventricular septal defect2.00 [0.48, 8.39]-1 study52121not evaluable ROB-
Cardiac septal defects1.33 [0.80, 2.21]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Craniosynostosis0.98 [0.44, 2.19]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Diaphragmatic hernia2.77 [1.34, 5.72]-1 studynot evaluable ROB4.98 [2.02; .]
Ear malformations3.91 [0.08, 197.23]-1 study1,213not evaluable ROB-
Eye defects11.74 [0.48, 288.47]-1 study11,213not evaluable ROB-
Gastroschisis0.61 [0.18, 2.05]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Hypospadias1.45 [0.74, 2.84]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Nervous system anomalies0.23 [0.01, 3.98]-1 study81,213not evaluable ROB-
Neural Tube Defects1.45 [0.73, 2.89]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Pulmonary valve stenosis1.19 [0.53, 2.66]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Respiratory system anomalies1.30 [0.05, 32.02]-1 study11,213not evaluable ROB-
Spina bifida1.83 [0.86, 3.91]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Tetralogy of Fallot0.99 [0.35, 2.78]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)2.90 [0.15, 56.70]61%2 studies307407not evaluable ROB-

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preeclampsia1.07 [0.92, 1.25]0%2 studies3,4542,695not evaluable ROB-
Postpartum hemorrhage1.33 [0.99, 1.78]0%2 studies5,0691,217not evaluable ROB-

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Neonatal death (< 28 days of life)3.64 [0.15, 90.25]-1 study1105not evaluable ROB-
Withdrawal syndrome / Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Poor neonatal adaptation1.29 [0.65, 2.57]-1 study172not evaluable ROB-
Jaundice / Icterus1.15 [0.85, 1.55]-1 study291406not evaluable ROB-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min)0.95 [0.68, 1.32]-1 study263406not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal medical care0.87 [0.71, 1.06]-1 study475406not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal tachypnea0.81 [0.56, 1.19]-1 study207406not evaluable ROB-
Persistent pulmonary hypertension0.58 [0.03, 11.27]-1 study3406not evaluable ROB-

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions2.63 [1.09, 6.36]49%4 studies50138not evaluable ROB4.70 [1.40; .]
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths2.96 [0.12, 73.21]-1 study1136not evaluable ROB-
Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy10.48 [1.32, 83.03]-1 study11136not evaluable ROB20.44 [1.97; .]
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy17.97 [0.34, 938.20]-1 study141not evaluable ROB-

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis1.62 [0.65, 4.01]59%3 studies1,08119,462not evaluable ROB-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk1.62 [0.65, 4.01]59%3 studies1,08119,462not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis0.96 [0.64, 1.44]-1 study18619,341not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk0.96 [0.64, 1.44]-1 study18619,341not evaluable ROB-
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)1.99 [0.90, 4.39]-1 study12,756not evaluable ROB-
Language disorders/delay1.10 [0.91, 1.33]-1 study90319,341not evaluable ROB-
Learning disorders 0.93 [0.53, 1.63]-1 study8219,341not evaluable ROB-
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)1.07 [0.94, 1.21]-1 study2,00319,341not evaluable ROB-
Psychomotor developmental disorders/delay1.91 [1.16, 3.14]-1 study13119,341not evaluable ROB3.23 [1.59; .]
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)1.99 [0.90, 4.39]-1 study12,756not evaluable ROB-

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