Bupropion (Smoking cessation indication) updated on 10-20-2025

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Abdominal wall defects1.24 [0.16, 9.59]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)0.93 [0.67, 1.29]-1 study4371,042not evaluable ROB-
Annular pancreas9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Aortic valve atresia/stenosis9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Arhinencephaly/holoprosencephaly9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Atrial septal defect0.43 [0.11, 1.65]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Atrioventricular septal defect1.10 [0.06, 20.44]-1 study4749not evaluable ROB-
Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Bladder exstrophy and/or epispadia9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate1.10 [0.06, 20.44]-1 study4749not evaluable ROB-
Cleft palate0.52 [0.03, 8.95]-1 study9749not evaluable ROB-
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus0.49 [0.06, 3.83]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Coarctation of aorta0.90 [0.05, 16.28]-1 study5749not evaluable ROB-
Common arterial truncus9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Congenital heart defects0.55 [0.21, 1.43]-1 study91749not evaluable ROB-
Congenital hydronephrosis0.47 [0.03, 8.04]-1 study10749not evaluable ROB-
Diaphragmatic hernia1.10 [0.06, 20.44]-1 study4749not evaluable ROB-
Digestive system anomalies0.22 [0.01, 3.62]-1 study22749not evaluable ROB-
Duodenal atresia or stenosis9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Ear malformations9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Ebstein's anomaly9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Encephalocele9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Eye defects4.96 [0.46, 53.36]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Genital anomalies1.38 [0.66, 2.89]-1 study60749not evaluable ROB-
Hypospadias1.18 [0.42, 3.32]-1 study30749not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects0.86 [0.34, 2.18]-1 study63749not evaluable ROB-
Major congenital malformations0.93 [0.67, 1.29]-1 study4371,042not evaluable ROB-
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age1.41 [0.07, 27.39]-1 study3749not evaluable ROB-
Nervous system anomalies0.47 [0.03, 8.04]-1 study10749not evaluable ROB-
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts0.40 [0.02, 6.68]-1 study12749not evaluable ROB-
Patent ductus arterious0.32 [0.02, 5.33]-1 study15749not evaluable ROB-
Polydactyly0.77 [0.11, 5.49]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Posterior urethral valve and/or prune belly9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Respiratory system anomalies1.10 [0.26, 4.66]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Single ventricle9.90 [0.20, 499.28]-1 study749not evaluable ROB-
Transposition of the great vessels1.10 [0.06, 20.44]-1 study4749not evaluable ROB-
Urinary malformations1.27 [0.53, 3.06]-1 study39749not evaluable ROB-
Ventricular septal defect1.79 [0.62, 5.16]-1 study26749not evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)0.31 [0.06, 1.52]78%2 studies446304not evaluable ROB-
Small for gestational age (weight)0.91 [0.65, 1.27]0%2 studies568304not evaluable ROB-
Very preterm (28 to 32 weeks)1.16 [0.07, 19.52]-1 study226not evaluable ROB-

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Caesarean1.15 [0.78, 1.70]-1 study323232not evaluable ROB-
Maternal consequences (as a whole)0.95 [0.37, 2.43]-1 study54232not evaluable ROB-

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Neonatal medical care0.88 [0.60, 1.27]0%2 studies361259not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal disorders (as a whole)0.87 [0.50, 1.52]-1 study172232not evaluable ROB-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min)0.18 [0.01, 3.91]-1 study261not evaluable ROB-

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