metaPreg - Gabapentin (All indications) during pregnancy

Gabapentin (All indications) updated on 06-15-2026

Table Graphic exposition period:

Adverse outcome	OR 95%CI	I2	k	No. cases	No. exposed	publication bias	ROB	E-value
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)	1.11 [0.91, 1.36]	0%	8 studies	223,625	1,631	not evaluable	ROB	-
Major congenital malformations	1.11 [0.91, 1.36]	0%	8 studies	223,620	1,631	not evaluable	ROB	-
Atrial septal defect	1.15 [0.86, 1.52]	0%	2 studies	84,573	1,496	not evaluable	ROB	-
Hypospadias	1.69 [0.59, 4.86]	0%	3 studies	5,808	1,527	not evaluable	ROB	-
Ventricular septal defect	1.20 [0.51, 2.83]	39%	3 studies	54,118	1,507	not evaluable	ROB	-
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate	1.33 [0.27, 6.66]	0%	2 studies	3,549	1,496	not evaluable	ROB	-
Cleft palate	1.31 [0.38, 4.51]	0%	2 studies	4,266	1,496	not evaluable	ROB	-
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus	0.58 [0.23, 1.46]	0%	2 studies	20,053	1,496	not evaluable	ROB	-
Congenital heart defects	1.94 [0.66, 5.70]	6%	2 studies	52,239	42	not evaluable	ROB	-
Diaphragmatic hernia	1.65 [0.16, 16.84]	49%	2 studies	3,778	1,496	not evaluable	ROB	-
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age	1.26 [0.18, 8.69]	57%	2 studies	134,493	1,701	not evaluable	ROB	-
Spina bifida	2.16 [0.51, 9.12]	29%	2 studies	6,125	1,496	not evaluable	ROB	-
Coarctation of aorta	2.55 [0.51, 12.72]	0%	2 studies	1,789	1,496	not evaluable	ROB	-
Oro-facial clefts	2.18 [0.27, 17.84]	0%	2 studies	2,816	396	not evaluable	ROB	-
Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome	34.08 [2.11, 550.91]	-	1 study	75	365	not evaluable	ROB	67.65 [3.64; .]
Bladder exstrophy and/or epispadia	31.19 [1.93, 503.78]	-	1 study	82	365	not evaluable	ROB	61.87 [3.27; .]
Ebstein's anomaly	50.95 [3.14, 827.39]	-	1 study	50	365	not evaluable	ROB	101.40 [5.73; .]
Hypoplastic right heart (HRH/HRHS)	38.69 [2.39, 626.25]	-	1 study	66	365	not evaluable	ROB	76.88 [4.21; .]
Pulmonary valve atresia	16.87 [1.05, 271.48]	-	1 study	152	365	not evaluable	ROB	33.23 [1.27; .]
15 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study
Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome	OR 95%CI	I2	k	No. cases	No. exposed	publication bias	ROB	E-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)	1.67 [0.72, 3.87]	84%	5 studies	91,914	723	not evaluable	ROB	-
Small for gestational age (weight)	1.13 [0.98, 1.30]	0%	3 studies	614,003	1,984	not evaluable	ROB	-
Low birth weight (< 2500g)	1.76 [0.89, 3.49]	92%	2 studies	233,020	1,714	not evaluable	ROB	-
3 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study
Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome	OR 95%CI	I2	k	No. cases	No. exposed	publication bias	ROB	E-value
Withdrawal syndrome / Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Poor neonatal adaptation	-	-	0 study					-
1 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study
Long term consequences
Adverse outcome	OR 95%CI	I2	k	No. cases	No. exposed	publication bias	ROB	E-value
1 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study
Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome	OR 95%CI	I2	k	No. cases	No. exposed	publication bias	ROB	E-value
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)	1.33 [1.21, 1.46]	0%	4 studies	6,807	2,641	not evaluable	ROB	2.00 [1.72; .]
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy	1.32 [1.17, 1.49]	0%	2 studies	4,448	2,365	not evaluable	ROB	1.97 [1.62; .]
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions	4.64 [0.23, 93.20]	0%	2 studies	2	3	not evaluable	ROB	-
2 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study
Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome	OR 95%CI	I2	k	No. cases	No. exposed	publication bias	ROB	E-value
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis	1.14 [0.76, 1.70]	36%	5 studies	81,040	2,772	not evaluable	ROB	-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk	1.14 [0.76, 1.70]	36%	5 studies	81,040	2,772	not evaluable	ROB	-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk	1.20 [0.91, 1.58]	0%	3 studies	152,450	1,442	not evaluable	ROB	-
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)	0.94 [0.47, 1.87]	0%	3 studies	28,847	1,806	not evaluable	ROB	-
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)	0.96 [0.44, 2.10]	32%	4 studies	10,475	1,345	not evaluable	ROB	-
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)	0.94 [0.47, 1.87]	0%	3 studies	28,847	1,806	not evaluable	ROB	-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis	1.28 [0.86, 1.91]	31%	2 studies	152,450	1,428	not evaluable	ROB	-
Language disorders/delay	1.09 [0.40, 2.93]	87%	3 studies	73,579	1,520	not evaluable	ROB	-
Psychomotor developmental disorders/delay	2.74 [2.14, 3.50]	-	1 study	421	1,128	not evaluable	ROB	4.92 [3.71; .]
3 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study