Phenobarbital (Epilepsy)

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)2.20 [1.61, 3.02]0%15 studies3561,169low ROB3.83 [2.59; .]
Major congenital malformations2.23 [1.57, 3.17]0%11 studies3051,018low ROB3.89 [2.51; .]
Congenital heart defects3.84 [1.95, 7.54]13%6 studies53646not evaluable ROB7.13 [3.31; .]
Hypospadias3.00 [0.73, 12.35]0%5 studies11509not evaluable ROB-
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age2.50 [1.04, 5.99]0%5 studies38214serious ROB4.43 [1.24; .]
Minor congenital malformations1.92 [0.88, 4.18]11%4 studies59173not evaluable ROB-
Hip dislocation and/or dysplasia4.08 [0.31, 53.22]0%2 studies116not evaluable ROB-
Neural Tube Defects4.12 [0.63, 26.77]21%4 studies6576not evaluable ROB-
Polydactyly12.12 [1.45, 101.31]0%3 studies4298not evaluable ROB23.72 [2.26; .]
Spina bifida4.53 [0.09, 216.52]67%2 studies430not evaluable ROB-
Urinary malformations0.59 [0.11, 3.19]0%2 studies15431not evaluable ROB-
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis0.59 [0.02, 15.81]-1 study112not evaluable ROB-
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate6.44 [0.26, 160.73]-1 study153not evaluable ROB-
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus1.87 [0.03, 100.54]-1 study12not evaluable ROB-
Congenital cataract0.59 [0.02, 15.81]-1 study112not evaluable ROB-
Craniosynostosis2.14 [0.03, 131.94]-1 study4not evaluable ROB-
Digestive system anomalies0.83 [0.03, 20.42]-1 study1137not evaluable ROB-
Down syndrom / Trisomy 212.14 [0.03, 131.94]-1 study4not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects2.50 [0.35, 17.96]-1 study4137not evaluable ROB-
Nervous system anomalies7.52 [0.30, 185.67]-1 study1137not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts4.09 [1.38, 12.13]0%2 studies15493not evaluable ROB7.65 [2.11; .]
Eye defects0.92 [0.30, 2.84]-1 study1561not evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)1.13 [0.50, 2.55]0%4 studies91,265110not evaluable ROB-
Small for gestational age (weight)2.36 [1.62, 3.45]11%4 studies167,394273not evaluable ROB4.15 [2.61; .]
Macrosomia (> 4000g)0.49 [0.29, 0.82]0%2 studies577,11494not evaluable ROB3.54 [.; 1.72]
Extremely preterm (< 28 weeks)5.01 [0.31, 80.81]-1 study2,04184not evaluable ROB-
Low birth weight (< 2500g)2.95 [1.60, 5.44]-1 study91,46784not evaluable ROB5.35 [2.58; .]
Very preterm (28 to 32 weeks)2.39 [0.33, 17.16]-1 study8,58584not evaluable ROB-
Large head circumference for gestational age5.00 [0.07, 366.35]-1 study2not evaluable ROB-

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...)0.05 [0.00, 6.68]-1 study10not evaluable ROB-
Caesarean0.18 [0.00, 12.84]-1 study110not evaluable ROB-
Polyhydramnios0.05 [0.00, 6.68]-1 study10not evaluable ROB-

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Feeding difficulty5.62 [0.72, 44.00]0%3 studies315not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal disorders (as a whole)0.77 [0.39, 1.52]0%2 studies222,21288not evaluable ROB-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min)0.55 [0.02, 15.67]36%2 studies222not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage5.02 [0.27, 92.72]0%2 studies25not evaluable ROB-
Withdrawal syndrome / Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Poor neonatal adaptation63.00 [0.51, 7760.63]-1 study1not evaluable ROB-
Cerebral palsy1.87 [0.03, 100.54]-1 study12not evaluable ROB-
Jaundice0.62 [0.02, 19.59]-1 study14not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal hypotonia2.14 [0.03, 131.94]-1 study4not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal infections2.14 [0.03, 131.94]-1 study4not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal medical care2.14 [0.03, 131.94]-1 study4not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal tachypnea2.14 [0.03, 131.94]-1 study4not evaluable ROB-

Long term consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Child/Infant death (> 28 days of life)1.27 [0.15, 10.56]0%2 studies4,69697not evaluable ROB-

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)1.67 [0.62, 4.44]32%3 studies183401not evaluable ROB-
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)1.06 [0.63, 1.79]1%2 studies165263not evaluable ROB-
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy1.40 [0.02, 97.44]-1 study3not evaluable ROB-
Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy1.40 [0.02, 97.44]-1 study3not evaluable ROB-
Perinatal death0.67 [0.06, 7.16]0%2 studies3321not evaluable ROB-
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)2.46 [0.49, 12.25]-1 study8260not evaluable ROB-

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Language disorders/delay2.51 [1.33, 4.74]23%4 studies72,019133not evaluable ROB4.46 [2.00; .]
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)1.63 [0.65, 4.08]0%4 studies10,030151not evaluable ROB-
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)7.18 [1.16, 44.46]34%2 studies3,39987not evaluable ROB13.84 [1.59; .]
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)2.93 [1.39, 6.17]0%3 studies149not evaluable ROB5.30 [2.12; .]
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis2.39 [0.15, 38.48]-1 study4,28084not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk2.39 [0.15, 38.48]-1 study4,28084not evaluable ROB-
Learning disorders 3.12 [0.30, 32.23]78%2 studies761not evaluable ROB-
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)3.00 [0.41, 21.94]-1 study3,39984not evaluable ROB-
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (< 3 years old)0.70 [0.27, 1.84]0%2 studies2454not evaluable ROB-
Psychomotor developmental disorders/delay0.56 [0.20, 1.61]0%2 studies2045not evaluable ROB-
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (> 6 years old)1.53 [0.05, 49.80]-1 study13not evaluable ROB-

Hide endpoints reported in only one study ...

- About - Master protocol - Browse exposition - RSS - Made with in Lyon - Contact us - Privacy policy - Licence Creative Commons