Calcium channel blockers (versus unexposed)

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.44 [1.07, 1.93]0%8 studies32,739570not evaluable ROB2.23 [1.34; .]
Major congenital malformations1.48 [1.09, 2.02]0%8 studies32,713569not evaluable ROB2.32 [1.39; .]
Congenital heart defects1.42 [0.87, 2.30]0%3 studies17,130304not evaluable ROB-
Hypospadias1.29 [0.61, 2.71]0%2 studies5,16365not evaluable ROB-
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula1.34 [0.26, 6.93]0%2 studies87264not evaluable ROB-
Atresia or stenosis of other parts of small intestine9.15 [3.26, 25.70]0%2 studies57870not evaluable ROB17.78 [5.97; .]
Cleft palate1.10 [0.34, 3.53]0%2 studies2,03766not evaluable ROB-
Hydrocephaly1.71 [0.33, 8.99]0%2 studies74764not evaluable ROB-
Hypoplastic left heart (HLH/HLHS)5.21 [1.09, 25.00]-1 study14not evaluable ROB9.89 [1.39; .]
21 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)2.50 [1.79, 3.51]78%7 studies1,8091,188not evaluable ROB4.44 [2.97; .]
Small for gestational age (weight)1.31 [0.94, 1.82]30%7 studies9,229853not evaluable ROB-
Low birth weight (< 2500g)1.56 [0.80, 3.03]90%4 studies992605not evaluable ROB-
Very preterm (28 to 32 weeks)2.67 [1.60, 4.44]-1 study220256not evaluable ROB4.77 [2.58; .]

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Caesarean2.35 [1.51, 3.68]30%3 studies61307not evaluable ROB4.14 [2.38; .]
Preeclampsia1.10 [0.66, 1.83]42%3 studies1,004351not evaluable ROB-
Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...)1.90 [0.46, 7.85]28%2 studies1686not evaluable ROB-
1 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Fetal distress--0 study-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (NOS)1.95 [1.55, 2.46]-1 study88not evaluable ROB3.31 [2.47; .]
Neonatal hypoglycemia4.00 [1.06, 15.08]-1 study2839not evaluable ROB7.46 [1.32; .]
6 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Long term consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)0.92 [0.10, 8.85]90%2 studies842,220not evaluable ROB-
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)2.21 [1.39, 3.51]-1 study98268not evaluable ROB3.85 [2.13; .]
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy2.99 [1.78, 5.04]-1 study61299not evaluable ROB5.43 [2.95; .]
3 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value

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