Calcium channel blockers (versus unexposed)

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.44 [1.07, 1.93]0%8 studies32,739570not evaluable ROB2.23 [1.34; .]
Major congenital malformations1.48 [1.09, 2.02]0%8 studies32,713569not evaluable ROB2.32 [1.39; .]
Congenital heart defects1.42 [0.87, 2.30]0%3 studies17,130304not evaluable ROB-
Hypospadias1.29 [0.61, 2.71]0%2 studies5,16365not evaluable ROB-
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula1.34 [0.26, 6.93]0%2 studies87264not evaluable ROB-
Atresia or stenosis of other parts of small intestine9.15 [3.26, 25.70]0%2 studies57870not evaluable ROB17.78 [5.97; .]
Cleft palate1.10 [0.34, 3.53]0%2 studies2,03766not evaluable ROB-
Hydrocephaly1.71 [0.33, 8.99]0%2 studies74764not evaluable ROB-
Hypoplastic left heart (HLH/HLHS)5.21 [1.09, 25.00]-1 study14not evaluable ROB9.89 [1.39; .]
21 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)2.08 [1.23, 3.53]83%6 studies1,190938not evaluable ROB3.58 [1.76; .]
Small for gestational age (weight)1.17 [0.81, 1.70]23%6 studies8,941564not evaluable ROB-
Low birth weight (< 2500g)1.20 [0.80, 1.79]59%4 studies1,069647not evaluable ROB-
2 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Caesarean0.99 [0.56, 1.76]32%3 studies210214not evaluable ROB-
Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...)1.90 [0.46, 7.85]28%2 studies1686not evaluable ROB-
Preeclampsia0.79 [0.42, 1.48]0%2 studies12262not evaluable ROB-
1 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Neonatal medical care1.38 [0.71, 2.70]0%2 studies42169not evaluable ROB-
Fetal distress--0 study-
Neonatal hypoglycemia4.00 [1.06, 15.08]-1 study2839not evaluable ROB7.46 [1.32; .]
7 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Long term consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
3 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)1.06 [0.12, 9.51]59%2 studies100400not evaluable ROB-
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)2.48 [0.99, 6.24]0%2 studies17400not evaluable ROB-
Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy1.17 [0.38, 3.61]0%2 studies13213not evaluable ROB-
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy2.99 [1.78, 5.04]-1 study61299not evaluable ROB5.43 [2.95; .]
2 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
2 non statistically significant endpoints reported in only one study

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